Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
smoking causes lung cancer report
lung cancer brief description
causes of lung cancer outline
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: smoking causes lung cancer report
A. LUNG CANCER:
Definition:
According to the National Cancer Institute (2009), lung cancer refers to the uncontrolled and abnormal proliferation of lung tissue, usually in the cells lining air passages1. It occurs when there is an excessive growth of the cells found in the lungs leading to a variety of clinical symptoms.
Classification:
The International Classification of Disease, ICD-10 classifies lung cancer under C34 as malignant neoplasm of the bronchus and lung2. When reporting routine statistics, tumours of the lung and bronchus are grouped together with those of the trachea C333.
Pathology and Clinical Features:
Lung cancer occurs mostly in adults between 45 and 75 years of age and about 80 – 90 percent of all cases have tobacco smoking as the major aetiological factor4-6. The likelihood of developing lung cancer is higher in those who commence smoking at a young age, and also in heavy smokers compared to light smokers5. Other risk factors include exposure to radon gas, asbestos, uranium and pitchblende miners, chromium and nickel refiners, welders, and workers exposed to halogenated ethers 5.
There are basically two types of lung cancer, the small cell tumour and non-small cell tumour which can be differentiated microscopically. Major clinical features of lung cancer include cough (80%), haemoptysis (70%), dyspnoea (60%) and chest pain (40%). Others include recurrent or slowly resolving pneumonia, weight loss, anaemia, anorexia and enlarged lymph nodes 7.
Epidemiology:
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in the UK (excluding non-melanoma-skin cancers) and it is more common in men than women (Figure 1.0). Lung cancer accounted for about 39,000(Figure 1.3) of all UK cancer cases diagnosed in...
... middle of paper ...
...arch/articlesBySubject/displaystory.cfm?subjectid=349008&story_id=E1_TPSGGQRP. Accessed 11/28/2009.
22. Why People Smoke Available at: http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit3/1why_people_smoke.html. Accessed 11/29/2009.
23. Walker MS, Vidrine DJ, Gritz ER, Larsen RJ, Yan Y, Govindan R, et al. Smoking relapse during the first year after treatment for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; Dec; 15(12):2370-7.
24. Britain gives up smoking - Times Online Available at: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article730913.ece. Accessed 11/28/2009.
25. Get Help Quitting Smoking – NHS Stop Smoking Campaign – Stopping Smoking Available at: http://www.canstopsmoking.com/. Accessed 11/29/2009,
26. Smoking and Lung Cancer Associations Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/576699. Accessed 11/28/2009
Two types of lung cancer, which grow and spread differently, but are the small cell lung cancers (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). The stage of lung cancer depends on how much the cancer has spread in the body. Treatment of lung cancer can involve a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy ( chemotherapy is a treatment for the cancers).
Cancer has caused a total of 7.6 million deaths annually, or about 13% of deaths worldwide. Lung cancer being the most common type, accounts for 1.37 million of those deaths. But what are the leading factors that cause this type of cancer and what can be done to prevent the increasing number of deaths?
There are more than a million people suffer from cancer in the United States every day. Lung cancer is not the only type of cancer but it affects many people and families every day. Lung cancer makes the lives of its patients and the families. Lung cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer and also one of the most common. Hundreds of thousands of people get diagnosed with lung cancer every year in just the United States. Also close to just as many people die from lung cancer in the US every year. I am going to talk about lung cancer and what it is, how to lower your risk of getting it, statistics of it, and the research and treatment of it.
Cells are generally supposed to go through a cycle, where they grow, divide, then die. Lung cancer cells however grow and divide, but never die, which is called apoptosis (Crosta). Lung cancer is by far the most deadliest cancer (Marks) because sign and symptoms do not appear early enough for you to get screened (Knowing). There are signs and symptoms that may appear but it all depends on where the cancer is located in the lungs. Symptoms may include: pain in the chest, intense coughing, difficultly breathing and swallowing, raspy sounds while breathing, and or coughing up blood (Crosta). If the cancer has spread to any other places, symptoms might include: fatigue, unexplained weight loss, weakness, swelling in the neck of face, or pain in the joints (Crosta). The reason many people get diagnosed with lung cancer is because they inhale dangerous carcinogens. Those carcinogens damage many cell’s DNA that “help” out cells so that they can grow into cancer. Things like tobacco, radiation, sun and car exhaust fumes are known as carcinogens (Crosta). Smoking, of course, causes cancer too. Smoking puts smokers at a higher risk than non-smokers. The more cigarettes you smoke a day and the earlier someone started smoking, the greater risk of them being diagnosed with this cancer (Lung Cancer). Secondhand smoke can be damaging and harmful just like regular smoking. The smoke
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. Although, it is a challenging cancer to treat more ways and treatments are being presented and studied daily. Lung cancer is a deadly disease that presents many problems in a person’s life. There are ways to decrease your chance of developing cancer, but there are too many environmental factors that play a role in cancer to be sure you can positively prevent it.
Lung cancer cells affects the respiratory system in many ways. The respiratory system moves oxygen from carbon dioxide and water from the body. It also moves through the nose, pharynx (far-rings), trachea, and bronchi (bron-key). The pharynx allows air to enter through the throat. It’s is the only part of the respiratory system that is shared with another system. The trachea allows air to move into the trachea or windpipes. According to
Cancer of the lung was nearly nonexistent in the early 1900’s. By the middle of the 20th century an epidemic became apparent throughout the United States and the rest of the world. It is primarily correlated with the widespread abundance of cigarette smoking in the world. The tobacco industry has multiplied its production immediately prior to World War I. There was a typical 20 to 30 year lagging period between the initiation of cigarette smoking and the actual tumor formation in the lungs. Lung cancer is the cancer that originates in the tissues of the lungs. It occurs when cells in the lung start to grow rapidly in an uncontrolled manner. Lung cancer can start anywhere in the lungs and affect any part of the respiratory system. Most of all lung cancer cases start in the lining of the bronchi (health-cares.net, 2005). It is the leading cause of all cancer deaths in the world. During this time the tobacco companies would continue to say that cigarette smoking was not addictive and did not cause any type of cancer. Even with all evidence in the world today about tobacco causing cancer, Tobacco companies still remain the most profitable business in the world. Lung cancer is very common in both women and men. Women account for about 40 percent of the lung cancer cases in the world. Women who smoke are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer as those of men who smoke (Tavor, 2005).
Smoking cigarettes is the causes to 90% of lung cancer patients in the U.S. There are about 7,000 different chemicals in cigarettes and most of them are poisonous. About 70 chemicals can definitely cause cancer in both animals and people. Secondhand smoke can also cause of lung cancer and about 7,300 people die every year. Radon also causes lung cancer. Radon is a gas that is found in rocks. In the United States about one out of 15 houses have high levels of radon. The food you eat can play a role in the chances of you developing lung cancer. Lung cancer can also be expected if your family has a history of it.
...es surrounding the lungs, which reflect past exposure to asbestos, is more common in manual workers in the building and naval industries resulting in a higher incidence of lung cancer with in a lower socio-economic status.
Small cell lung cancer is one of two main types of lung cancers. “Small cell and non-small cell lung cancers are treated differently” (American Cancer Society). You have a ten to fifteen percent chance of your lung cancer being small cell lung cancer. The most common lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer, which is eighty to eighty-five percent of the type of lung cancer you have. Your left lung is smaller than your right lung because that is the side your heart is located on, which means it has to work a little harder than your right lung.
To fully interpret the two types of lung cancer, one needs to have an understanding of what cancer is. In science class most learn about biology and the fact that the human body consists of not only blood, bones, and organs, but also cells. It is these cells that cancer can form. Cancer develops when the cells develop abnormally forming tumors. Tumors appear in all areas of the human body. “The two types of lung cancer are small cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer” (Jones 1). In a recent article Jones explains both types of cancer and the inequality in growth rates. Jones states, “Small cell lung cancer is the least common only resulting in twelve percent of cases. Although it is less common, it is highly invasive” (1). One would presume that small cell lung cancer has a lower chance of recovery. Jones also states, “Non-small cell lung cancer is very common and is found in eighty-seven percent of cases, but has a lower growth rate” (1). For this reason, non-small cell lung cancer would escalate the chance of rehabilitation. Similarly, both these types of lung cancer, although equally vexatious can grow at different rates, ultimately giving the patient more or less time to overcome the
accounts for approximately 30 percent of all cases of non-small cell lung cancer. Large carcinoma, on the
Cancer is defined as where the abnormal cells are divided without any control and they are able to invade into tissues. At times cancer can be cured right away once it is detected through treatments that the doctor recommends, but at times cancer cannot be cured based on what stage the cancer is at. It is very important that every individual gets a physical check up to see if they are diagnosed or detected with any sort of cancer or disease. There are 100 types of cancers out there, but the type of cancer that I will be focusing on is Lung cancer. One of the controversial issues on a lung cancer is the ...
Lung cancer and smoking often, have some correlation, but it's not always the case. As lung cancer stages progress, lung cancer symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and bloody phlegm. Treatment comprises of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Lung cancer has typically no signs in its initial stages. When symptoms of the disease start to resemble, they can introduce hacking, raspy coughing, sometimes with mucus that has blood in it. There are also recurring respiratory infections like bronchitis or pneumonia. Finally, chronic shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent chest pain and inflammation in the neck and face. These problems frequently happen because of blocked breathing ways or because the cancer has reached farther
Studies have proven that there is no safe way to smoke. Tobacco contains many dangerous cancer causing chemicals that affects the lungs of the smoker and the nonsmoker, so smoking just a little amount can increase your chances of getting lung cancer. The Surgeon General has said that "smoking is the single most important cause of death in our society, and it is responsible for more than one out of every five deaths in the United States." The purpose of this report is to inform and educate the reader about smoking and why it is considered the biggest cause of lung cancer. This subject is near and dear to me because my grandfather, who was once a heavy smoker, is now fighting this awful disease. The only way to protect yourself against this killer disease is to never start smoking or to stop smoking if you are a smoker.