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Educational system in the Middle Ages
Educational system in the Middle Ages
Educational system in the Middle Ages
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Luca Pacioli Luca Pacioli was born in 1445 in Sunsepulcro, Tuscany, Italy and passed away on June 19 1517. He did not live with his parents growing up, he lived with Befolici family in Sunsepulcro (where he was born). Luca Pacioli was taught in Italian rather than Latin. Most of the knowledge he learnt was of use to Merchants. In Luca’s late teens, he moved to Venice to be a private tutor whilst still carrying on with his studies. Tutoring the boys he was employed by prompted him to write his very first book which was an arithmetic primer. In the early 1470’s we entered into the Franciscan order. To help the students he was tutoring, he wrote a textbook one of many in the vernacular. Paciol first printed book was published in Venice In 1949,
It is a long-with-standing stereotype that Italians love to gamble. This is true. My great grandfather, Pasquale Giovannone, played the riskiest hand of cards when he immigrated to the United States as an illegal stowaway at the age of thirteen. He forged a life for himself amidst the ever-changing social and political shifts of the early nineteenth century. The legacy he left would later lead to the birth of my father, John Giovannone, in Northern New Jersey in 1962.
In the rough and tropical island of Papua New Guinea, lived an exceptional aggregation of individuals called, The Gebusi. In the 1980's, The Gebusi tribe was anything besides up to date and acculturated. The Gebusi had their own particular singular and special customs and conventions that they rehearsed and accompanied. The Gebusi tribe took part in custom homosexuality, divination or witchcraft was exceedingly respected and polished, and they partook in particular sister-trade relational unions. By 1998-99, The Gebusi tribe had made another lifestyle. The Gebusi had gotten accustomed with new social convictions, modernization due to “western ways” that had changed their lives until the end of time especially changing their ways and view on gender roles and sexuality.
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was an Italian humanist, philosopher, scholar, Neo-Platonist and writer whose main passion was the reconciliation of philosophy and religion. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was born on the 24th of February 1463 to a wealthy and illustrious family and died on the 17th of November 1494. Being the youngest son of three boys, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola was mostly outlived by his elder brothers who took on presumably significant roles; his brother Antonio became an imperial army general while Galeotto 1 continued their father’s dynasty. Leaving behind his share of ancestral wealth and principality, he went on to become one of the world’s respected writers after fully devoting himself to studying theology and philosophy (Mirandola, Mirandola, Rigg and More, 1890). This essay discusses the life of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola; his strive towards success and contributions to the Italian renaissance.
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus was born in approximately 163 B.C.E to Tiberius Gracchus the Elder and Cornelia Africana. Gaius Gracchus, his younger brother, was born in 154 B.C.E. In the 2nd century B.C., the two brothers formed “The Gracchi”. The two, born plebeians, belonged to one of the most influential families in Rome, the Sempronia. Their father was the tribune of the plebs, the praetor, consul and censor. Fatherless from a young age, they were taught democratic views by tutors. As they grew older and gained influence, their goal became to restructure Rome in a way that benefited the underprivileged and unfortunate. At the time, their help was especially welcome as members of the Populare, a political group whose purpose was to serve the people, rather than the aristocracy (like the Optimates). The ideals of the Gracchi leaned towards what people today would call populism or socialism; in fact, they are almost reverently called “the founding fathers” (Fife 1) of the aforementioned political parties. The brothers were perhaps so interested in restoring the rights of the people because of the dichotomy of their plebeian births within a noble line.
Giovanni de Verrazzano was the first European to sight the New York Harbor, Narragansett Bay, and Block Island. He sailed to America with four ships in 1524. He died do to cannibalistic natives.
Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European visitor to the area of New York. The French ship “La Dauphine” brought Verrazzano and his crew to New York in 1524. European was not until much later on September second, 1609 by Henry Hudson of the Dutch East India Company. At this time, New York was still named “New Amsterdam”. Beavers were abundant in New York at this time, which fueled a business as for the fashion in Europe was beaver pelts. The beaver’s importance was so great for New York’s history that it is now the city’s official seal.
Pico was born into a noble family close to Modena on February 24, 1463. He was the son of Giovan Francesco I and Guila Boiardo. He was born with an extraordinary gift for learning. He studied Canon Law in Bologna, but then he moved to Ferrara, earned more education, and then to Padua (“Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463-1494)), there, he met one of his most important teachers, Elia del Midigo (“Giovanni Pico della Mirandola” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). By now he was studying philosophy. He moved to Florence in 1484, while there, he became one of the most active members of Lorenzo de Medici's Platonic Academy, and he also became chief exponent of Neoplatonism. While in Florence, he increased his knowledge on Platonism (“Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463-1494)). In 1485, he moved from Florence to Paris where the citadel of Aristotelian scholasticism was. He also studied Hebrew, Arabic, and Aramaic as well as Latin and Greek (Rebhorn 57) At the age of 22, right before he left Paris, he had made his first important contribution to philosophy-He defended the ...
He took his teaching duties very seriously, while he was preparing lectures for his charge on variety an of topics about science. The first scientific work dates were all from this period. It involves topics, which would continue to occupy him throughout his life. In 1571, he began publication of his track. It was intended to form a preliminary mathematical part of a major study on the Ptolemaic astronomical model. He continued to embrace the Ptolemaic (Parshall 1).
Guido d’Arezzo (also known as Guido of Arezzo or Guido Aretinus) was born around 991/992 in Arezzo, Italy. He was an Italian music theorist of the Medieval Era. Guido was educated at the Benedictine abbey at Pomposa and was a Benedictine monk . He spent his earlier life at the monastery of Pomposa. While there, he noticed that singers had difficulty in remembering Gregorian chants (unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church). So he came up with a method for teaching the singers to learn chants in a short time, and quickly became famous throughout north Italy. Guido made use of the music treatise of Odo of Saint-Maur-des-Fosses and developed his principles of staff notation there. He was appointed by Theobald, bishop of Arezzo, as a teacher in the cathedral school in Arezzo and commissioned to write the Micrologus which became the second-most-widely distributed treatise on music in the Middle Ages. It contains Guido’s teaching method and it had attracted Pope John XIX, who invited Guido to Rome in around 1028. But he soon returned to Arezzo due to his poor
Francis was born at Assisi in Umbria in the early 1180’s. His fath er was Pietro Bernadone, a very wealthy cloth merchant. His baptized name was Giovanni but it was changed to Francesco. Francis received a decent amount of schooling as a child although he did not show much interest in it. He was very spoiled and did not want to go into his father’s business. He had high status, was handsome, wore fine clothing, and was very well known with the people of Assisi.
His father taught his Latin but after a while saw his son’s greater passion towards mathematics. However, Andre resumed his Latin lessons to enable him to study the work of famous mathematicians Leonhard Euler and Bernoulli. While in the study of his father’s library his favorite study books were George Louis Leclerc history book and Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond Encyclopedia, became Ampere’s schoolmasters (Andre). When Ampere finished in his father’s library he had his father take him to the library in Lyon. While there he studied calculus. A couple of weeks later he was able to do difficult treaties on applied mathematics (Levy, Pg. 135). Later in life he said “the new as much about mathematics when he was 18, than he knew in his entire life. His reading...
Unlike most of the other Western European figures of the 12th-century who are frequent subjects of academic study, Francis of Assisi was not a scholar. He had the education appropriate to the middle-class son of a prosperous merchant, but he never taught in a university, never wrote a Summa or a Commentary on the Sentences, never spent time in libraries. For much of his lifetime, the Order of Friars Minor didn’t even own a Bible, let alone any other books. Brother Leo, one of Francis’ closest companions, wrote of him that he "did not want ...
Tartaglia survived many hardships in his life, including the murder of his father, a life in poverty, and wounds from French soldiers invading his hometown. His scars were covered in adulthood with a beard, but the stammering that resulted persisted throughout his life. Tartaglia learned mathematics on his own for many years until a patron made possible some study at Padua. This education gave Tartaglia a high sense of pride that others often resented. For a whi...
Filippo Brunelleschi was born in 1377 in Florence, Italy. He had one older brother and one younger brother. His mom was Giuliana Spini and his dad was Ser Brunellesco di Lippo Lapi, who was a Florentine notary. Even though Brunelleschi never married, he had one adopted son, Buggiano. After Brunelleschi trained to be a sculptor and goldsmith, in 1398, he applied to make the bronze reliefs for the door of the Baptistery of Florence in 1401. Sometime around this time he picked up the nickname “Pippo” by his friends. He was competing against six sculptors, one of them being Lorenzo Ghiberti. Unfortunately, Filippo didn’t win; Lorenzo Ghiberti did. After he lost, Filippo decided to leave his sculpting and to focus on architecture, where he worked with gears, clocks, wheels, and weights and math. He became very successful in those two fields. He turned out to be an architect and a clockmaker, but he was still a goldsmith too. He was also the first engineer in the renaissance (“Filippo Brunelleschi 1377-1446”). He was the architect for the Cathedral of Florence, also called the Santa Maria del Fiore.
Born in the Netherlands, Daniel Bernoulli was one of the most well-known Bernoulli mathematicians. He contributed plenty to mathematics and advanced it, ahead of its time. His father, Johann, made him study medicine at first, as there was little money in mathematics, but eventually, Johann gave in and tutored Daniel in mathematics. Johann treated his son’s desire to lea...