Louis Sullivan was born in Boston, Massachusetts on September 3, 1856. He attended the first architectural school in the United States, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology but dropped out by the end of the year. He also attended Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and returned to Chicago a year later. He became employed at William Le Baron Jenney’s architectural office. Jenney was the architect who created the first steel-frame building. He worked for many architectural offices and worked along side Dankmar Adler. He became Adler's partner in their own firm and it lasted 14 years. Together they created many landmarks and over 100 buildings. Louis Sullivan is often called the “father of the skyscraper”. He was a very imaginative architect. …show more content…
He had such a great influence on many people. Sullivan had an apprentice for six years, Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright admitted that Sullivan influenced him so much and shaped his ideas and work. He also hired an 18 year old, George Grant Elmslie, whom he influenced and he remained a loyal employee. He was considered the “Dean of American Architects”. Also, people consider him one of the most influential forces in the Chicago School. Sullivan received the AIA Gold Medal and was the second architect in the history to receive …show more content…
His philosophy was that “form should always follow function”. It went beyond functional and structural expressions. He wanted to create a simple geometric form, decorated with ornamentation. Sullivan wanted to focus on organic symbolism. He also wanted to create an American style of architecture. Louis was influenced by the many architects he worked under. He was most influenced by Adler because they became partners and he thought him lots of information. The schools that Louis Sullivan went to also helped him in his career and in his future. They helped him create and fulfill his philosophy. His philosophy is reflected in his buildings. He thought that the exterior of the building should reflect on its interior functions. His ornamentation in stone, wood, or terra-cotta was what he was famous for. His ornamentation is still hanging in some museums today. Some of the museums that hold his ornamentation work are The Museum of Modern Art in New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and The Art Institute of
Born in Ohio, Cass Gilbert studied at MIT and in Europe he subsequently set up practice in St. Paul with a former classmate, James Knox Taylor. After a ten-year partnership they split and Gilbert moved on to New York City. Although he had already designed notable buildings, such as the Broadway Chambers Building in 1899 and the Union Club in 1901, his widespread recognition came mostly after winning an Exposition gold at the Fair where he also designed the Palace of Fine Arts, which is now known as the St. Louis Art Museum.
Frank Lloyd Wright was born on June 8, 1867, in Richland Center, Wisconsin. Although often stated that he was born in 1869, records prove that he was born in 1867. He was a single child who’s mother was Anna Lloyd Jones, and his father was William Carey Wright. His mom was a teacher and his dad was a preacher. They were a Welsh family that moved around frequently during his early years, living in cities such as Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Iowa before finally settling in Madison, Wisconsin at the age of 12 years old. Wright fell in love with the outdoors while spending summers with his mother’s family in Spring Green. He would study the landscape of the hills, modeling and looks of it. In 1885, Wright graduated from public high school in Madison, it is also the same year his parents got a divorce and his father moved away, never hearing from him again. That same year, Wright enrolled at the University of Wisconsin at Madison to study civil engineering. To pay for his tuition and to help support his mom, he would work for the dean, at his college, in the engineering department and he assisted the acclaimed architect Joseph Silsbee with the construction of the Unity Chapel. This convinced Wright that he wanted to be an architect, in 1887 he dropped out of school to go work for Silsbee in Chicago. In 1888, Wright began an apprenticeship with the Chicago architectural firm of Adler and Sullivan, where he worked directly under Louis Sullivan, who had a profound influence on Wright. Sullivan hoped that Wright would carry on his dream of defining a uniquely American Style of architecture...
Louis Henry Sullivan's architectural adornment has yet to be known by individuals simply because of the adept evolution from forms from nature, and the penetrating geometric structures and connections found through every one of his works, yet more importantly the humanistic condition of consciousness that has been proposed. Sullivan recommends that in construction design, works of art should not stand on their own as an accessory, but instead be produced by the standards of building proposals, design, objective, and form. Sullivan's various structures were principally borrowed from natural forms, and their application gained from geometric understanding; they were then transformed and modified to the steel sections and curves, and enlivened
Daniel Burnham and John Root were two of the East Coasts, but more importantly Chicago’s well-known high-rise architects. They designed many buildings that still are around today, not only in Chicago, but also all over the United States. The most memorable being, the Rookery Building, Monadnock Building, Reliance Building, and Masonic Temple, all in Chicago. Between Burnham and Root’s different personalities and architectural styles they were able to become successful American architects, even after their failures in their early careers. Having two very different strengths as a team, worked out in their favor, strong client bases, good structures, and aesthetically pleasing buildings was ultimately their final product for each project.
Many of Frank Gehry’s early works reflect a refined manipulation of shapes and structures, whereby many of his buildings present distorted shapes or apparent structures. From the Guggenheim museum to the Walt Disney concert hall, Frank Gehry’s architecture is close to none. He cleverly plays with shapes and geometries. In this essay, I shall start with a brief analysis of Gehry’s house and the influences in the design of the house. I shall then analyze the extent to which Frank Lloyd Wright has inspired and influenced Gehry in the design of his house through a comparison with Frank Lloyd Wright’s Jacob’s house.
William H. Pierson, Jr., American Buildings and Their Architects: Technology and the Picturesque, (Doubleday & Company, Inc.), 167.
In Chicago, he worked for architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee. Wright drafted the construction of his first building, the Lloyd-Jones family chapel, also known as Unity Chapel. One year later, he went to work for the firm of Adler and Sullivan, directly under Louis Sullivan. Wright adapted Sullivan's maxim "Form Follows Function" to his own revised theory of "Form and Function Are One." It was Sullivan's belief that American Architecture should be based on American function, not European traditions, a theory which Wright later developed further. Throughout his life, Wright acknowledged very few influences but credits Sullivan as a primary influence on his career. While working for Sullivan, Wright met and fell in love with Catherine Tobin. The two moved to ...
It appears that from the very beginning, Frank Lloyd Wright was destined by fate or determination to be one of the most celebrated architects of the twentieth century. Not only did Wright possess genius skills in the spatial cognition, his approach to architecture through geometric manipulation demonstrates one aspect of his creativeness. Forever a great businessman, Wright seemed to know how to please his clients and still produce some of the most innovative and ridiculed buildings of the early century. While the United States appeared to be caught up in the Victorian style, Frank Lloyd Wright stepped out in front to face the challenge of creating "American architecture" which would reflect the lives of the rapidly growing population of the Midwest United States. Howard Gardner in his book "Creating Minds" does not make any mention of Frank Lloyd Wright, an innovator who drastically influenced architecture of the twentieth century around the world.
Do you have a living room, open floor plan, or carpet flooring? Most homes in America today have these basic essentials, and Frank Lloyd Wright can be credited for this. Frank Lloyd Wright is one of the most influential Architects in American history. These innovations in modern architecture may not have occurred without him. Wright developed the Prairie style of architecture in 1909. This style is distinguished by horizontal lines on the exterior, a low pitched hipped roof, long bands of windows, wide overhanging eaves, and brick courses or wood bands. Frank Lloyd Wright’s innovations in architecture positively influenced the way American homes were built, therefore affecting their lives. His concept of an open floor plan encouraged families and people inside their homes to interact and relax
The Seagram Building is prime example of the international style of design in the 20th century. The building is a true landmark of the city having an open plaza at the base of the building with high ceilings, floor to ceiling tinted windows and bronze mullions. Its imperious design, set in a plaza with fountain, was imitated many times and became an icon of North American corporate design. Mies is known as the father of the steel and glass structure. Mies designed many buildings during his life however none of the would be as popular and famous as the Seagram Building.
Pei was born in China in 1917 and immigrated to the United States in 1935. He originally attended the University of Pennsylvania but grew unconfident in his drawing skills so he dropped out and pursued engineering at MIT. After Pei decided to return to architecture, he earned degrees from both MIT and Harvard. In 1956, after he had taught at Harvard for three years, he established I.M. Pei & Partners, an architectural firm that has been known as Pei Cobb Freed & Partners since 1989. This firm is famous for its successful and rational solutions to a variety of design problems. They are responsible for many of the largest pubic and private construction projects in the second half of this century. Some of these projects include the East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the John F. Kennedy Memorial Library in Boston, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland.
First, The Iron magician Alexandre Gustave Eiffel was born in 1832 in Dijon, France. After graduating from Ecole Centre ale des art et Manufactures he wanted to specialize in metal construction. (Bio) In his early career he oversaw many constructions of bridges and buildings. In 1866 he officially started his own company. After designing the arched gallery of machines for a show for the Paris exhibition in 1867 his name was known. (Bio). His next designs made all the difference in the world. He decided to build the Statue of Liberty and the renowned Eiffel Tower.
Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, who was a pioneer in the modern style, is considered one of the greatest figures in 20th-century architecture. Wright was born June 8, 1867, in Richland Center, Wisconsin. When he entered the University of Wisconsin in 1884 his interest in architecture had already acknowledged itself. The university offered no courses in his chosen field; however, he enrolled in civil engineering and gained some practical experience by working part time on a construction project at the university. In 1887 he left school and went to Chicago where he became a designer for the firm of Adler and Sullivan with a pay of twenty-five dollars a week. Soon Wright became Louis Sullivan’s chief assistant. Louis Sullivan, Chicago based architect, one of America’s advanced designers. Louis had a profound influence on Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright was assigned most of the firm’s home projects, but to pay his many debts he designed ‘Bootlegged Houses’ for private clients in his spare time. Sullivan disapproved, resulting in Wright leaving the firm in 1893 to establish his own office in Chicago.
His works were totally reflected and enhanced the environment of nature on the site, the whole idea of a house could be were forever changing when it is his design. Wright’s architectural achievements in simplicity and unity were possible to be build supported by the method of the construction and materials like; Reinforced concrete, steel, metal sheet, glass plate and plastics. This genius architect offered a building with a relationship of Architecture and landscape, with community as well. Many projects nowadays have influenced from Wright’s modern styles, this well-known architect has many influences that became his principles. First is his exemplary teacher...
The role of the architect is a question that evokes a spectrum of answers from Norman Foster’s definition; ‘Architect is an expression of values… the way we build is a reflection of the way we live.’ [Foster, cited in Tholl, 2014: Online] This debate of who and what an architect should be and do is not a recent one to emerge but has lead many architects and designers as far back as Vitruvius [15BC] to produce documentation on what they believed to be the make-up of an architect. In Vitruvius’ ‘The Ten Books On Architecture’ he quickly establishes two fragments that make an architect, the manual skill and the theory and scholarship.