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the relationship between central government and local government
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Role and legislative mandate of local municipality in intergovernmental relations and facilitation of specific project
What is Intergovernmental Relations
Intergovernmental relations is intended to promote and facilitate co-operative decision-making and make sure that policies and activities across all spheres encourage service delivery and meet the needs of citizens in an effective way.
Although each sphere has different roles and responsibilities our Constitution recognises that the spheres cannot work independently of each other. The three spheres of government are obliged to co-operate, negotiate and find ways of agreeing on administrative, political and financial issues. This co-operation must take place in mutual trust and good faith( IGR-Cape Town, 2014)
Co-operative government in practice:
According to the White Paper on Local Government (1996), it is clear that national government is increasingly looking to local government as a logical point of coordination and necessary vehicle for the implementation of policies and programmes. Provincial governments are also decentralising certain functions to local government. At the same time, local government is constitutionally obliged to participate in national and provincial development programmes. It is also clear that the policies and programmes of other spheres have wide-reaching implications for local government, and can potentially have a positive impact on municipal capacity and a strong synergy with municipal programmes. National and provincial government can build local government capacity through the way they execute their own programmes, and enhance the effectiveness of both. Some of the ways in which this can happen are:
Working with local government directly:
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... backlogs in the community.
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996
Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act 57 of 2002)
IGR-Cape Town., 2014. IGR-Cape Town, Cape Town: Global Print.
Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act, 2005 (Act 13 of 2005)
Local Government Demarcation Act, Act 27 of 1998
Mafube Local Municipality., 2011. Mafube local municipality Draft IDP Review 2011/2012, Free State: Mafube Local Municipality.
Municipal Finance Management Act, 2003 (Act 56 of 2003)
Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000)
NCOP Co-operation Governance and Traditional Affair, 2011. Thembisile Hani Local Municipality presentation. [Online] Available at: http://www.pmg.org.za[Accessed 25 March 2014].
White paper on Local Governmant,1998. [Online]Availableat:mfma.treasury.gov.za/MFMA/Guidelines/whitepaper[Accessed 25 March 2014].
The municipal restructuring in Ontario from 1996 to 1999, whether voluntary or involuntary, was the most comprehensive process of municipal reforms since the Baldwin Act of 1849 (Frisken 30). After the election of Harris’ Conservative government in 1995, municipal reform took on a life of its own as it was followed with substantial activity between 1996 and 1999 (Sancton 135-56). This research paper looks to categorize, describe and evaluate the substantial activity that took place between the province and its municipal subordinates. While other papers have argued whether the change of the fiscal relationship was to benefit the province or if the structure of local government had simply become outdated, the issues of why the reforms occurred is not the focus of this research. However, what this paper will evaluate is whether the substantial activity made any long-term changes in the system by outlining the numerous reforms and examining their impact. This paper will begin by assessing the financial reform, which was the starting point for more extensive changes, followed by functional, structural and legislative reforms during 1996 to 1999.
The relationship between a local government and its people is typically a combined form of stability, as well as discordant moments of tension and rising-to-dramatic change. More specifically, the political climate of the local government differs depending on how those people view the three aspects of their governmental calls and needs: rights and responsibility of the people, obligations of their government, and limits on the local governmental authority.
Municipal control or an alternative delivery method? This is the question that has intrigued all levels of local government and created intense debates between taxpayers across municipalities. The services that municipalities provide are often vital to the existence of a local area. The issues of accountability, cost savings, quality of service and democracy often arise when choosing the best options to deliver services to a municipal area. In recent years the concepts of privatization, alternative service delivery and public-private partnerships are often promoted as ways cut down on overburdened annual city budgets and promote a higher quality of service to citizens. Municipalities have historically always provided basic services such as fire protection, water purification/treatment and recreational facilities. However, would private companies or another municipality be able to better deliver the same services more efficiently or at a lower cost? The city or town often provides a political grass roots approach to most local problems. Municipalities are better positioned and have a wider scope to provide services to their constituents in order to ensure quality of service that does not erode accountability and transparency, or drive the municipality deeper into debt.
will typically only have control over their specific geographical region, and cannot pass or enforce laws that will affect a wider area.” While the issue is very complex, many have strong feelings about whether local governments are the right way to manage cities and counties or not.
Government provides an extensive variety of services at different levels. It can be described as layer cake or marble cake. In reality, each level of government concentrates on different areas or services. Intergovernmental system is a world of combined functions and assistance between levels. The combined system gives assistance but also creates administrative cross-pressures. The job of government varies by level; the local government focus on goods and services, states focus on goods and services and also administer federal grants especially for welfare and Medicaid while the federal government focuses on national defense. Depending on the particular form, government generally carries out the desires of the people. The job of the government
Refer to our in-class discussion on intergovernmental relations. Compare and contrast the differences between an alliance, a confederation, and intergovernmental relations.
On a large scale, governance describes methods a governing body uses to ensure its citizens follow established protocol. At the macro level, there is a loosely coupled organizations structure that supervises and maintains respons...
Complete separation of three organs of government is neither possible nor desirable. It is not desirable because without among mutual coordination these cannot carry out its functions effectively and efficiently. Complete separation of powers can seriously limit the unity and co-ordination needed by the three
Each local authority has a deliberative and executive bodies; they are responsible for their own budget and resources. In general, terms, this theoretical idea means all departments are power dependence on each other, need to cooperate with each other. A study comparing countries is that of Rhodes (1981) highlights “a model of intergovernmental relations that portrayed central and local actors as participants in a complex game in which they maneuver for advantage” comparing the French system of multi-level governance different tiers of government departments all act and work together in intergovernmental relations. The more power that the governments have in relation to transfer of their functions to subnational governments. Decision making should take place as close as possible to the citizens. An example would be that social problems are best dealt with subnational government and not with central
Public sector reforms adopted in a number of countries such as USA, UK and New Zealand in the last fifteen years and characterised by efficiency units, performance management, contracting out, market type mechanisms, and agency status have come to be known as the New Public Management or NPM. Appearance of the NPM as shifting the paradigm from the old traditional model of administration has been promoted by a remarkable degree of consensus among the political leadership of various countries and is presented today as the major tool for public sector management reforms.
This essay discusses the radical transformation of the principles and foundations of public administration from traditional to New Public Management. Firstly the essay will attempt to define the key terms of traditional public administration and the doctrine of New Public Management. Rabin J. (2003) explains that New Public Management embodies “a process in public administration that uses information and experiences obtained in business management and other disciplines to improve efficiency, usefulness and general operation of public services in contemporary bureaucracies.“Traditional Public Administration progresses from governmental contributions, with services perceived by the bureaucracy.
...r pillars of public administration are equally important in the process of public administration and complement one another in the provision of quality public service. When public administrators have economy in mind they focus on the best combination of available resources to provide optimum public service. To ensure that public service is not limited to only a section of the public, the issue of equity is taken into consideration so that public interest is realized. Efficiency and effectiveness additionally go hand in hand in ensuring that allocated resources are used in the best possible manner to attain set goals. Thus whereas the first three public administration pillars – Economy, efficiency and effectiveness are concerned with how public service is provided the fourth and most recent addition (Equity) concerns with for whom public service is provided.
The basis for county, city and special district governing and authority are laid out in the State Constitution and Government Code. Counties in California are responsible for providing limited services to unincorporated areas. The state Legislature created the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) in 1963 to control local government fragmentation. The Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) gives counties the power to tax, create special districts and annex unincorporated land to cities in the county (League of Women Voters, 1992).
The lack of service delivery is a vital subject that is tackled by countless residents and government officials. Thus, distinct methods are needed to safeguard that services are delivered below the leadership of local government. The purpose if this essay is to converse about the reasons why governments commence on Alternative service delivery mechanisms. This will be accomplished by bestowing definitions of precise concepts by also considering technological improvements as Alternative service delivery methods. Furthermore, this essay will recognize alongside suitable examples, the acts played by voluntary associations and private contractors in advancing competent and effectual ability to deliver services.
Politics-Administration Dichotomy essentially has a two part meaning; there are two functions of government for this idea, as the name implies politics, and administration. The argument about the dichotomy between politics and public administration has been around for several years with no overall consensus on why they should be distinct from one another. Looking critically at both sides of the idea, there are ways to demonstrate an accurate presentation of the administrative agencies working and there are also ways they have proved to be inaccurate. There are just as many downfalls to a politicized bureaucracy. There will be more benefits to the politics-administration dichotomy view with the concept put in place by Woodrow Wilson. He simply promotes a clear distinction between politics and administration and supports the idea that they are interdependent of one another, and they require one another for the appropriate balance between democracy and efficiency. The idea of Wilson’s concept will allow agencies to gain the most efficiency through interdependence of politics-administration.