Literature Review

852 Words2 Pages

Recommended: Role of enzymes in medicine

3.0 ENZYMES
The capable of filamentous fungi to grow on wide range of substrate and efficiently degrade polysaccharides and protein into monomers make them an attractive resource for new enzymes (Seiboth, et al., 2011). These particular enzymes are of considerable great commercial importance. The industrial enzyme market hit $2.3 million annually with 34% applications in detergents, 27% in foods, 16% in agriculture and feeds, 10% in textiles and 10% in leather, chemicals, and pulp (Demain, 2007). Despite of industrial use of fungal enzymes, there are medical uses of fungal enzymes. Protease, keratinase, amylase, and lipase can be produced by different fungal strain of Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillum, Rhizopus, and Mucor (Nigam, 2013; McKelvey & Murphy, 2011).Enzyme can be used as drug, yet it has unique advantage over drug. Enzymes are able to act on target with greater affinity and specificity (Kaur & Sekhon, 2012; Vellard, 2003; Holcenberg, 1977).
Protease aid in digestion of protein and can be derived from microorganisms. Microbial protease are of acidic, neutral and alkaline (Nigam, 2013). Properties of fungal proteases are high diversity, broad substrate specificity, and high stability under extreme conditions (Jisha, et al., 2013). Often use fungi in protease production are Aspergillus niger (Barthomeuf, et al., 1992) and A. oryzae (Nakadai, et al., 1973) and A.melleus (Luisetti, et al., 1991). Oral administration of A. oryzae protease can be used in capsules, chewables, liquid, powder, strips or tablets to aid digestion and correct lytic enzyme deficiency syndrome (Metha, 2010). Besides, this enzyme has been prove to have anti-inflammatory effect and is useful in treatment of various disease and conditions. This method of ...

... middle of paper ...

...003). The enzyme as drug: application of enzymes as pharmaceuticals. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 14, 444-450.
Walker, G. M., & White, N. A. (2011). Introduction to fungal physiology. In K. Kavanagh (Ed.), Fungi: Biology and Applications (2nd ed., pp. 1-34). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Watanakunakorn, C., & Glotzbecker, C. (1977). Synergism with aminoglycosides of penicillin, ampicillin and vancomycin against non-enterococcal group-D streptococci and viridans streptococci. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 10(1), 133-138.
Weaver, R. J., & McCune, S. B. (1958). Gibberellin tested on grapes. California Agriculture, 6-15.
Weisse , A. B. (1991). The long pause. The discovery and rediscovery of penicillin. Hospital Practice (Office Edition), 26, 93-96, 101-104, 107.
Zhou, Z.-Y., & Liu, J.-K. (2010). Pigments of fungi (macromycetes). Natural Product Reports, 27, 1531-1570.

Literature Review
515 Words | 2 Pages
Evaluation of a Mental Health Treatment Court with Assertive Community Treatment 1. This article studied the effect of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) on the life satisfaction ratings, psychological distress, level of functioning, substance use issues, and criminal activity of mentally ill residents of the Santa Barbara County Jail. The study administered four instruments to measure these variables. They used the Behavioral and Symptom Identification scale
Read More
Literature Review #2
816 Words | 2 Pages
is another brilliant piece of literature by Bert Cardullo. The article itself talks a little more about the differentiation between reviewers and critics, but focuses deeply on one particular critic: Richard Gilman. This time, the main theme for this article is Theatrical Critics. “Richard Gilman, American Theater Critic: An Appreciation” was published in 2011 and is one of the most current researches done on this topic. As previously discussed in an earlier review, the author, Bert Cardullo, does
Read More
LITERATURE REVIEW: Theories on Student Attrition
1259 Words | 3 Pages
LITERATURE REVIEW: Theories on Student Attrition Since the early 70s theorists have pondered the causes of college dropout. Generally referred to as “student attrition,” this problem has spurred numerous causal theories and theoretical models. Vincent Tinto led the research with his revolutionary 1973 study, which he later revised (1987) amid criticism from other luminaries in the field, most notably Bean, Astin, Terenzini, and Pascarella. It is on the work of these scholars (including also
Read More
Literature Review of Social Skills Intervention
2476 Words | 5 Pages
The first of the ten articles to be discussed examined a training program that consisted of an individualized, classroom-based social skills intervention. In the study, there were 45 children with learning disabilities 9-12 years old. These children were in self-contained special education classrooms. Thirteen children received intervention for 6 weeks and 7 children received intervention for 12 weeks. The remaining 25 children were in the control group, which received no intervention. The intervention
Read More
This Literature review will be focusing on the key issues regarding
1138 Words | 3 Pages
This Literature review will be focusing on the key issues regarding the living expectations of UK transport 171CBS Business Organisation Task: Marketing! What is the role of Marketing? Assignment two Discuss the role of marketing and the marketing department using an organisation of your choice to illustrate the points you make Mariom Jafar Business and Accounting 2nd March 2005 DUE DATE: 28th February 2005 R.Rogers Discuss the role of marketing and the marketing department
Read More
Review of Literature on Abortion in the Family
1321 Words | 3 Pages
Review of Literature on Abortion in the Family Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continuously argued over for the past few years and probably for many more years to come. Women who are making the decision are effected emotionally, mentally, and physically since their bodies are going through many changes which it is not accustomed to. The main controversy is, who's right is it to abort? Many will argue and say it is the woman's right to chose what she does with her own body
Read More
Evidence Based Practice Literature Review
854 Words | 2 Pages
exist. When that is not the case, however, the clinician needs to seek out scientific evidence to help inform the treatment decision. Two major types of evidence may be useful: systematic reviews and individual studies” ("Steps in the Process of Evidence-Based Practice: Finding the Evidence", 2017) “Systematic reviews… are formal assessments of the body of scientific evidence related to a clinical question, and describe the extent to which various diagnostic or treatment approaches are supported by the
Read More
Literature Review: The Definition Of Pun Translation
1613 Words | 4 Pages
Literature Review The Definition of Pun Pun translation poses as one of the most challenging problem for a literary translator, due to the need of transferring the double meaning of the sentence or word. The double meaning could be a play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar senses or sound of different words. Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms defines pun as "an expression that achieves emphasis or humor by contriving an ambiguity, two distinct
Read More
The Step-by-Step Approach: Guidelines to writing a Literature Review
1083 Words | 3 Pages
Approach: Guidelines to writing a Literature Review Globally, students and researchers alike are presented with the task of developing a literature review. This process may seem daunting to the inexperienced writer, however, there is no need for trial and error as there are known procedures and guidelines created to simplify such an assignment. A basic literature review may be defined as “A written document that develops a case to establish a thesis. This review synthesizes current knowledge pertaining
Read More
Literature Review: Review Of Literature On Suicide
730 Words | 2 Pages
Review of Literature: Suicide Suicide is a very real problem in our society today. According to the CDC, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in Americans. (CDC) There is an increasing number of people committing suicide and people attempting suicide each year. Unfortunately, there is a stigma around suicide that makes people afraid to ask for the help that they need. This review of literature discusses suicide by addressing the following questions to three main ideas: 1. What age groups
Read More
Literature Review
1796 Words | 4 Pages
Brief Review of the Literature A review of the literature reveals a common theme among experts in this field of study. The recurring themes present is the current literature include the financial crisis of 2008 and foreclosure impacts. Foreclosure impacts include the effects of crime, housing sales, property valuation, property abandonment, neighborhood destabilization, and shifts in tax revenue. The sources of the literature reviewed were scholarly journals, peer-reviewed journals and governmental
Read More
Review of Literature
912 Words | 2 Pages
Independent Study Unit – Phase 2 Review of Literature Introduction 21 of the first 23 astronauts into space were first-born; there is a reason to this (Hartshorne, 2010). They say that the order in which a person is born, and the gap years between siblings determines the personality of a person (Hartshorne, 2010). For those born first, they are seen as dominant and having the pressure put on them, while the youngest child is the most beloved (Hartshorne, 2010). The middle child at times feels neglected
Read More
Literature Review
2018 Words | 5 Pages
women’s struggle for political recognition. Therefore, the authors have termed the era of the women’s struggle up to the time when women were afforded political rights. The following is a literature review of various articles participating in the women’s suffrage and their interconnection to the subject matter. The review concentration is on the impact of the women’s movement on the national and global platform with the competition playing out for women’s recognition in politics. It also addresses the
Read More
Acknowledging Fatigue of tired women
1337 Words | 3 Pages
includes nurses. The problem can be researched using objective measures to find correlations of fatigue and related symptoms. The literature review precedes the explanation of the study. In this section, there is examination of treatment studies that have proven therapeutic for fatigue symptoms, including thyroid hormones and antidepressants. The review of the literature demonstrates that the best approach of care has not been found and there is a need to clearly define the patterns of fatigue. Classic
Read More
Effects of Television Violence on Children
1091 Words | 3 Pages
This literature review is based on the effects of television violence on children. More specifically, it deals with the relationship found between television violence and aggression found in young children. I chose this topic because I found it interesting to learn that studies have indeed found a connection between television viewing and the behavior of people, especially children. The first study reviewed is entitled "Television Violence and Children's Aggression: Testing the Priming. Social script
Read More

Open Document

Wait a second!

Literature Review