Literature Analysis Of The Structure Of Concrete

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CONCRETE
Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse granular material (the aggregate or filler) embedded in a hard matrix of material (the cement or binder) that fills the space among the aggregate particles and glues them together.
Concrete is widely used for making architectural structures, foundations, brick/block walls, pavements, bridges/overpasses, highways, runways, parking structures, dams, pools/reservoirs, pipes, footings for gates, fences and poles and even boats.
2.1.1 Composition of Concrete
Concrete consists of three major components, viz. water, Portland cement, and aggregates. Properties of the final product i.e. cement changes according to the change in the ratio of its components …show more content…

It mainly involves grading, crushing and washing with natural aggregates which in turn removes contaminant materials such as reinforcing steel, gypsum board, remnants of formwork and other foreign materials. The resulting coarse aggregate is then useful for use in concrete. The fine aggregate, however, generally contains a considerable amount of old cement paste and mortar which will increase the drying shrinkage and creep properties of the new concrete. After removing of contaminants through proper demolition, screening, and/or separation and size reduction in a crusher to aggregate sizes, crushed concrete can be used as new concrete for pavements, shoulders, median barriers, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, and bridge foundations, structural grade concrete and soil-cement pavement bases …show more content…

Based on the experimental observation, the sensitivity of granulated slag content, polypropylene (PP) fiber and steel fiber dosage fiber dosage on the residual compressive strength of the concrete after being subjected to elevated temperature was examined. Equations are proposed to predict the residual compressive strength of concrete incorporating with granulated slag, PP fiber and Steel fiber by giving it a high temperature up to 800°C. Test indicates that the exposure of concrete to a high temperature causes deterioration in the compressive strength of concrete but the inclusion of granulated slag, PP fiber and steel fiber, they all improves the residual compressive properties of concrete to some

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