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Philosophy of research in special education
Ethical problem related to special education and what kinds of ethics is it
Ethical problem related to special education and what kinds of ethics is it
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Recommended: Philosophy of research in special education
Introduction
Dyslexia term has been coined from Greek and literally means difficulty with words. It refers to difficulty with words read, word split, word pronounced, words written and associated with meaning of words. It becomes a disability if it is unrecognized and the teaching is inappropriate, resulting in the Childs failure to gain competence in literacy.
An article published in The Times Educational Supplement (TES, 1990) about claims by turner (1990) and nine fellow educational psychologist data for eight LEA’s showed that there had been decline in scores on a range of reading tests, they blamed this ‘downward trend’ on the teaching methods used in schools. According to Turner (1995) ‘ a progress’ movement had attempted to influence teacher behavior.
‘If a child does not learn the way you teach then teach him the way he learns’ (Chinn & Ashcraft, 1999)
The International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS)(OECD,2000) assessed literacy by using a questionnaire with a sample of 38,358 in 21 countries. It showed the percentage of the population at the lowest literacy level United States (20.7), United Kingdom (22.6).The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) provided evidence that 10 year old English school children are rated 3rd out of 35 countries. At national level 20% of children do not achieve the level of reading expected of them at 11 years old. Anxiety is the most common effect that children experience; it causes children to fear reading and writing. Latest research show that 15 to 20% of the population has reading disability ,out of which 85% has dyslexia.,
To overcome the reading disability different methods are used like auditory analysis,phoneme blending,teaching letter-sound association, word build...
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...n view:
1. Research is design in such a way that minimizes the risk to the participants.
2. Consult with the experts and the members of the vulnerable community to determine appropriate strategies.
3. Appropriate use of language
4. CEC’s code of ethics must be followed. CEC (Council of Exceptional Children,1997) developed a formal ethical code that addressed the specific ethics of conducting research with special education populations.
5. Before conducting research explain the nature and purpose of research to participants.
6. Take consent from the parent / guardian before conducting interview with participants.
7. As conducting research in school so before research permission is taken from school officials and community officially by giving written application.
8. Confidentiality of all the data collected during research should be maintained.
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Before we can expect people to alter their perceptions, they must understand what it is. Dyslexia is a learning disability linked to those who struggle with reading. Although, it seems pretty simple, dyslexia is extremely challenging to identify because it is not defined by one specific thing. Moreover, it includes a wide array of difficulties such as: trouble spelling words, reading quickly, writing out words, “sounding out words in” head, pronunciation and comprehension.
Robert Buck once said, “If children can’t learn the way we teach, then we have to teach the way they learn.” The Wilson Language Program has become disclosed to amplify this mentality. Dyslexia is a common disease among ten to fifteen percent of the United States, where a human being has trouble in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols. Programs are reaching out to try to terminate as much distress of dyslexia as possible. Up and coming programs, The Wilson Language Program for example, are making their best efforts to start working with children from a young age with the slight signs of this common problem. Catching dyslexia earlier in life brings more assurance that the child’s future will have little to no setbacks or disadvantages for success. In order to enhance the regressive literacy of dyslexic individuals, the Wilson Language Program is progressively being implemented into regular schooling to ensure that reading standards are met, through structure, hours of research, copious practice, and strong evidence.
Language is a skill that, if used properly, can open up a variety of opportunities in life. Throughout the readings of “Homemade Education” by Malcolm X and “Living with Dyslexia” by Gareth Cook, we see many difficulties and challenges that people overcome when they are put in the face of language. Like many things, there are many different aspects that shape the way we understand the art of language. Throughout culture, perspective, and language we see all the components that make language so powerful. It is made very clear, that language has the power to promote the shaping of one’s identity.
Six principles for early reading instruction by Bonnie Grossen will be strongly enforced. It includes Phonemic awareness, each letter-Phonemic relationship explicitly, high regular letter-sound relationship systematically, showing exactly how to sound out words, connected decodable text to practice the letter phonemic relationships and using interesting stories to develop language comprehension. Double deficit hypothesis which focuses on phonological awareness and rapid naming speed.
What is the problem you are addressing? Students have to learn the names and sounds of the letters in order move on into more advance connections that will lead them into success in reading and writing. Traditional teaching methods in our schools allow students to make the connections between letter prints and phonemes using mostly visual and auditory learning styles. This early reading task is not easy for beginners (Ehri, Deffner & Lee, 1984, p. 880). In order to ease the difficulties young scholars might encounter while learning sound to letter graphic representation, multi sensory teaching methods that have been tested such as the Orton-Gillingham. The use of multi sensory teaching methods from trained teachers have been able to prove student improvement in decoding ability, and application of decoding skills ( Trepanier, 2009). QSI has a vast population of non native kindergarten students, who though can hear and produce the sounds of the letter taught, they might benefit from incorporating kinaesthetic letter patterns into phonic instruction. This intervention would be the stepping stone for the production of CVC words/ pseudo words. In my 10 year experience teaching kindergarten students overseas I have experience the benefits of using visual aids for students to manipulate sounds with the propose of reading words or and writing them. This action research is an attempt to identify if this specific kinaesthetic intervention to learn letter/phoneme relationship will help students make the required connections to enhance their phonemic awareness.
I consider myself an ever evolving individual, the toughness of skin gets thicker with ever difficult situation. I pride myself in self-awareness, and being a leading example of a student with a sense of higher moral character. I never allow the stresses of my life to define my attitude or outlook because I know the stresses and hardships are able of overcoming.
“The Extraordinary Characteristics of Dyslexia” by Jake Horner is a definition essay on what it means to be dyslexic. He incorporates his own life story to support his definition and his ideas in his essay. Dyslexia is looked upon as a disability that should be treated even though dyslexia has to do with the way your brain processes the information given to you. Horner includes two types of thinkers, spatial and linear. Spatial thinkers are the dyslexic people in the world, and linear thinkers are the non-dyslexic people in the world (Horner 493). As I read this essay, it made me reflect.
Reading is a critical survival skill for students with disabilities. Students with learning disabilities will experience multiple challenges in reading decoding, comprehension, and fluency. Many studies have shown that children who struggle with reading difficulties are often at higher risk for dropping out of school and developing psychiatric disorders. Therefore, early identification and intervention of reading difficulties is crucial for positive academic, social emotional, and economic outcomes (Partanen, Siegel, 2013). Unlike students with learning disabilities, good readers effortlessly recognize words and build
This can be achieved by the student using methods such as recital, practicing in front of a mirror, and learning to speak comfortably in a front of a group by starting off around their family. This habit allows them to be more comfortable with reading and comprehending words that will eventually be turned into consistent speech and daily conversation. They can also use the visual and audio strategies mentioned previously and research online books to easier to develop their reading skills. (Vacca,
Snow, C., Burns, M. S., & Griffin, P. (1998). Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children, National Research Council. National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D.C.
Dr. James Kerr, the first person to notice the signs and symptoms of dyslexia in 1896, taught at a school and initially became concerned with the children unable to read. Unknowingly, he came to the conclusion that the inadequate readers suffered from blindness. His observation had nothing to do with poor vision; although, in some areas of Britain and Scandinavia the overall condition is still labeled as blindness. (Dyslexia) Karl Kussman, receives recognition as the first person to give the condition its name due to the fact that the word derived from Greek origin. Its prefix dys means “difficult” while the suffix lexis means “words”. (Dyslexia: Get pg. 8) Presently, the name for these specific signs and symptoms mainly deals with the struggle to read are dubbed as dyslexia. The World Federation of Neurology termed the definition of dyslexia in 1968 as “A disorder in children who, despite conventional classroom experience, fail to attain the
RESEARCH ETHICS INTRODUCTION Research ethics involves the application of basic ethical rules in the different fields of topics, including the scientific research. In which we include design, implementation, human experience, animal experiments, academic scandals etc. There are many ethical issues to be noticed seriously and sociologists need to be aware of having the responsibility to save and secure the actual permission and the interest of humans. But on the other hand, the information discovered and certain moral responsibilities should be maintained towards the participants end and protection should be done for the rights of people in the study or practice as well as their privacy and sensitivity.
Dyslexia is a type of learning disability. Someone who has a learning disability has difficulties understanding words and numbers. “Dyslexia is the term used when people have difficulty learning
~What is dyslexia? Dyslexia is a lifelong condition that makes it hard to read. Dyslexia affects reading comprehension, math skills, reading skills, and writing skills. Every one in five students have dyslexia. Dyslexia is not a disease in fact dyslexia means poor language. I looked at a simulation and the letters jump all around except for the first and last one. It was very hard to understand and comprehend all of the words. Dyslexia only makes it harder to learn it’s like an obstacle, but can be overcome.
"The important thing is not so much that every child should be taught, as every child should be instilled with the wish to learn."