Performance analysis and quality monitoring are essential to any organization to ensure programs and different organizational activities are all aligned and functioning according to the desired plan. One of the best indications and commonly used is patients’ satisfaction and feedback; hence, the widespread use of surveying techniques. Likert scales, especially, have been very helpful in this regard due to their simplicity, ease to conduct and interpret, and high specificity as to which aspects are being measured. In fact, surveying before and after implementing changes proves very helpful as it indicates the level of success or failure. So, what is the composition of a Likert scale and what are the opportunities and limitations of this survey instrument?
Origin and composition of Likert scale
The way attitudinal research has changed greatly since Likert, R. introduced his scale in 1932 (Edmondson, Edwards, & Boyer, 2012). It uses the usual bipolar response points that today almost everyone is familiar with. According to Edmondson, Edwards, and Boyer (2012), Likert scale has proved more reliable and used only half the number of items used by other popular methods at the time of its introduction. Also, in most cases, the scale does not require judges which added to its simplicity. Since then, Likert scale has become very popular and many modifications have been added to enhance the accuracy of the results (Edmondson, Edwards, & Boyer, 2012).
Likert scale is composed of the analysis of a series of statements to which respondents agree or disagree with variable degrees (Albaum, 1997). According to Edmondson, Edwards, and Boyer (2012), originally, Likert scale was composed of 4 different components. First one was strictly a yes/no/...
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...the upcoming challenges in the healthcare field, organizations need to make the best use all resources including consumers’ attitudes and judgments.
Works Cited
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Information was collected using a simple questionnaire consisting of 9, questions based on a Likert scale ranging from 0 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree). The layout of the Likert portion of the questionnaire was based on a similar structure to the Revised Life Orientation Test (Bridges, Carver & Scheier, 1994). 3 Yes or No questions were also included. An example of the questionnaire is shown in figure 1.
There are a lot of effects of the patient feedback about the health services, especially in the dentistry department. In 1995, Sir David Mason wrote about the challenges and opportunities facing the dental profession and identified the "consumer revolution" as being one of the major trends currently shaping general dental practice in the UK: "More people want more say about their health and health services, the best care for themselves and their families and choice in that care. For the NHS the result has been a profound shift in emphasis from service providers to patients, the full effects of which have yet to be realized." (Mason D. 1995). One of these effects is the growing impact that patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction will have on the business success of dental practice.
The Kaiser Meyer Olkin measure showed that the analysis was acceptable and the Bartlett's test was significant with a chi-square value of 943.16 and a p value less than 0.001. No behavioral measurements loaded on the three components. Between each component, correlations were found when analyzing self-report measures, BAS subscales, and the remaining self-report measures. A logistic regression was conducted and the overall success of the prediction included 85.3%. A second regression was conducted with BART and no significant predictors.
A five point Likert scale is used for numerical measurement of questions. Following is the numerical value assignment for scale.
consumers. However, there has been a continuous suggestion that the quality of care and the
Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2011). Introduction to Research Method in Psychology. England: Pearson Education Limited.
In this scale, the leaders are asked concerning the person that they don 't prefer to work. This scale is a type of questionnaire which contains 16 items which are used to reflect on the underlying position of leaders towards the employees. These items can either be pleasant, unpleasant, friendly, unfriendly, accepting or rejecting, helpful or frustrating among others. Every single item in the scale has been ranked with points from one to eight. Eight points indicate the most favorable
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2012). Marketing management (14th ed., Global ed.). Boston, [Mass.: Pearson.
According to many studies health care quality should be measured with patient’s perspective as they provide real time and valid data on quality. Patient judge health care service performance against satisfaction and expectation. Measuring quality in health care can help decision makers to improve the existing system and set control measures to maintain a level of standard.
Grover, R & Vriens, M 2006, The handbook of marketing research: Uses, misuses, and future
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a kind of personality inventory to show the type of personality and make the theory of psychological type to understand and useful in people’s life. There are four categories: Extraversion vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition, Thinking vs Feeling, and Judging vs Perceiving. It’s would help us to know a basic knowledge of our individual personality. The answer of this survey would show which traits we prefer rather than which characteristic more stronger or weakness. Through this indicator, under normal circumstances the majority results are accurate, even though that some results could not exactly right due to some questions were strange or the one who can not ensure the answer. Therefore the results form