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Psychology Chapter 1
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of biological and psychological theories of crime
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of biological and psychological theories of crime
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In Samuel Baum’s Lie to Me episode “Blinded” Cal Lightman and his team investigates a copycat serial rapist by interrogating the original rapist. This episode discusses topics such as the psychological theory of crime, criminal personalities, psychopathy, and interrogation methods of police officers. However, in Jerry Bruckheimer’s CSI: Miami episode “Just One Kiss” Horatio’s team investigates the murder of a young bartender and the rape of a young woman. This episode discusses topics such as alibis, interrogation methods, and evidence. Both episodes deal with a different dynamic of psychology and the law, so it is important to look at both methods.
Lie to Me surrounds its series around Dr. Cal Lightman who specializes in non-verbal cues of deception (such as body language), as well as micro-expressions. Micro-expressions are small, very quick expressions that are only detectable through playback. These expressions tell the investigator emotions that the person may be trying to hide. In Lie to Me’s “Blinded” serial rapist Andrew Jenkins is described as a professional, pathological liar. He is in jail for raping multiple women, as well as torturing them. While in jail, Lightman goes undercover for a police agency in order to find a copy-cat rapist. It is believed that Jenkins is associated with the recent rapes although he is in jail. Jenkins tells Lightman in jail, that he blinds the victims so that fear is forever in their lives. He has control over them even after the crime. His personality describes the theory of crime that is psychological because Jenkins shows no empathy for his victims (even when he is face to face with them) and he gets pleasure from the entire process. The copycat rapist in this episode is someo...
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...victims, who were asked questions simply to gain information. This is good because eyewitnesses are not a reliable source of evidence as it can be difficult to recall specifics from the attack. Through various videos shown in class and through research studies, it is evident that eyewitnesses are almost always inaccurate in their statements. Also, there were no line-ups used in either of these episodes, which is also a benefit for the case as line-ups can be easily manipulated by those administering them.
References
Baum, S., Fain, S., Craft, E., & Cheylov, Milan. (6 May 2009). Blinded [Lie to Me]. Baum, Samuel. Los Angeles, California: Fox Studios & Sky 1 Studios [UK].
Zuiker, A., Donahue, A., Mendelsohn, C., McCarthy, L., Witten, M., & Brazil, Scott. (12 October 2002). Just One Kiss [CSI: Miami]. Brukheimer, Jerry. Miami, Florida: CBS Studios.
Since the airing of the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and the other televised series that followed have led jurors to compare fiction with reality. The shows have changed the view on the real world of forensic science as the series have a world of forensic science of their own. For this paper the televised series titled Bones by forensic anthropologist Kathy Reichs will be used as an example for comparison. In the series Bones Dr. Temperance Brenan arrives at the scene of the crime to examine the skeletal remains found in the scene of the crime equipped with one or more forensic kits. Upon momentarily examining the skeletal remains Dr. Brenan is able to determine the gender, ethnicity, and age. When this type of scenario is compared to nonfictional
Author Allison Kornet in her article (1997) “The Truth about Lying: Has Lying Gotten a Bad Rap” states that deception or lying has become a part of everyone’s life. A person lies or deceives as often as he brushes his teeth or combs his hair. Many psychologists have neglected or ignored the concept of deception or lying and its effects on everyone’s life. Kornet explains that in the previous two to three decades, the psychologists started noticing or analyzing the effects of a person’s deception on others or why a person lies so many times in his day-to-day life. The person might learn lying from childhood
After reviewing the article “Inside Interrogation: The Lie, The Bluff, and False Confessions”, it became very evident the huge problem with interrogations and false confessions in the criminal justice system is with false confession. Jennifer T. Perillo and Saul M. Kassin crafted three distinct experiments to try and better understand false confessions and how trues the actual numbers in real life are. What Perillo and Kassin were trying to prove is that “the bluff technique should elicit confessions from perpetrators but not from innocents” (Perillo, Kassin 2010). What is called the “Bluff Technique” is an interrogation technique that uses a sort of threat or hint that there is certain proof that a person will think is more of a promise for
Twenty lives were lost, including two of the striker’s wives and eleven children, but only one of these lives belonged to the National Guard. With this in mind, it can be debated whether or not this event should be considered a battle or a massacre. Some have argued that, because of the striker’s retaliation, the event should be considered a battle, but because of previous abuse and the guard’s disregard for who they were firing at it and careless destruction, it should be considered a massacre.
The television series Moonlight was created by Trevor Munson and Ron Koslow. This television series includes sixteen different episodes. The entire television series was about the immortal private detective Mick St. John that uses his keen senses of the vampire to solve difficult case to help the victims rather than sucking their blood. Mick was turned to a vampire 60 years ago by his wife Coraline when she bites him. Even through now Mick has the body of immortality, and he was always young but he always wanted to be a real human instead of a vampire.
Since its debute, Kimberlianne Podlas discusses how “CSI has been attributed with causing a rash of unjustified acquittals, exerting on trials what is called the CSI Effect.” This refers to how CSI influences or impacts a jury’s interpretation of a case. She goes on to say that, “Even though forensic evidence is prevalent on CSI, it is a factor in only a small portion of real-life cases.” Additionally, “many of the techniques shown on CSI do not exist, and this has led “forensic scientists to complain of the near infallibility of forensic science after watching a few episodes of CSI.” The CSI Effect has caused these viewers of the program, who have gone onto become jurors, to expect the presentation of forensic evidence in order to prove their cases, and without it, they are unlikely to reach a guilty verdict. This has led prosecutors to expect the need to present forensic evidence as a prerequisite to conviction. Even with eyewitnesses and other findings to offset this lack of forensic evidence, many unjustified acquittals have resulted from this mindset as jurors do not believe a case can be proven beyond reasonable
PORFIRIO, R., SILVER, A., & URSINI, J. (2001). Film noir reader 3: interviews with filmmakers of the classic noir period. New York, Limelight.
That, like unreliable narrators, individuals often ‘lie’ to themselves in order to cover up the actual
Roesch, R., Zapf, P. A., & Hart, S. D. (2010). Forensic psychology and law. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
Many of today’s interrogation models being utilized in police investigations have an impact on false confessions. The model that has been in the public eye recently is the social psychological process model of interrogation known as the “The Reid Technique.” There are two alternatives used by the police today to replace the Reid Technique, one is the PEACE Model and the other is Cognitive Interviewing. These methods are not interrogation techniques like Reid but interview processes.
Stevens, Dennis J. Media and Criminal Justice: the CSI effect. Sadbury: Jones and Bartlett, 2011. 35-38. Print.
In the article “Is Lying Bad for Us”, Richard Gunderman persuades his readers the effect of lying can have on our daily lives. He expresses strong opinions towards being honest and how lying has negative consequences on not only our mental health but
“A good liar uses the truth.” This is a technique used by notorious imposters Frederic Bourdin, and Frank Abagnale. Although Bourdin posed as a child for a second chance at adolescence, Abagnale posed as an adult to gain financial means and respect. Bourdin and Abagnale’s success in deception can be primarily attributed to their careful observation of their surroundings, as well as their ability to detect the emotions of those around them.
The CSI Effect is the idea that criminal shows and movies give viewers an inaccurate representation of forensic evidence and how it is used. If the CSI Effect is a confounding variable in this study, we can control for it by not letting the participants know the true meaning of the study until debriefing. It has also been found that not every crime drama talks about forensic evidence (Rhineberger-Dunn, Briggs, Rader, 2017). If not every crime drama talks about forensic evidence there is a chance that the drama the participants may watch does not talk about forensic evidence. If the participant watches a crime show that is about the FBI than they are less likely to have seen forensic evidence in that show (Rhineberger-Dunn, Briggs, Rader, 2017). This also helps control this confound. Though the CSI Effect and some of these studies are not directly related to the study being proposed, they do explore the various types of evidence that can be used in criminal cases. They also explore topics related to forensic evidence and their uses in popular social media outlets, because of this they are worth
Perri, F., & Lichtenwald, T. (2009). WHEN WORLDS COLLIDE: Criminal investigative analysis, forensic psychology, and the timothy masters case. Forensic Examiner, 18(2), 52-52-69.