Lawrence Ferlinghetti is an American poet best known as a leader of the beat movement of the 1950's. The beats were writers who condemned commercialism and middle-class American values. Ferlinghetti writes in colloquial free verse. His poetry describes the need to release literature and life from conformity and timidity. He believes drugs, Zen Buddhism, and emotional and physical love can open the soul to truth and beauty.
Lawrence Ferlinghetti was born in Yonkers, New York, in 1919. After spending his early childhood in France, he received his B.A. from the University of North Carolina, an M.A. from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. from the Sorbonne. During World War II he served in the US Naval Reserve and was sent to Nagasaki shortly after it was bombed. He married in 1951 and has one daughter and one son. In 1953, Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin began to publish City Lights magazine. They also opened the City Lights Books Shop in San Francisco to help support the magazine. In 1955, they launched City Light Publishing, a book-publishing venture. City Lights became known as the heart of the "Beat" movement, which included writers such as Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg, and Jack Kerouac. Ferlinghetti is the author of more than thirty books of poetry. He has translated the work of a number of poets including Nicanor Parra, Jacques Prevert, and Pier Paolo Pasolini. Ferlinghetti is also the author of two novels and of more than eight plays. In 1994, San Francisco renamed a street in his honor. He was also named the first Poet Laureate of San Francisco in 1998. In 2000, he received the lifetime achievement award from the National Book Critics Circle. Currently, Ferlinghetti writes a weekly column for the San Francisco Chronicle. He also continues to operate the City Lights bookstore, and he travels frequently to participate in literary conferences and poetry readings.
Lawrence Ferlinghetti writes in free verse, a style of poetry that does not follow traditional rules of poetry composition. In writing free verse, poets avoid such usual elements as regular meter or rhyme. Instead, they vary the lengths of lines, use irregular numbers of syllables in lines, and employ odd breaks at the end of each line. They also use irregular accents and rhythms and uneven rhyme schemes. But free verse is not free from all form. It does use such basic poetic techniques as alliteration and repetition.
Women of the nineteenth century had very set expectations. There were only two types of women: upper class bourgeoisie and lower class farmer’s wives or daughters. Women were considered physically weaker to men, which meant that they were best suited to the domestic sphere while the men workers and made the money. The mill girls defied all of this, and created their own class of women: wage earning middle class women. These women were not like farmers’ wives that were typically uneducated, nor like the bourgeoisie women that were educated, by mostly in domestic and “womanly” skills. The mill girls went to college if they so desired, most of the time doing that in the stead of getting married and becoming a housewife. The mill girls were a
The first poem entitled “Poetry” by Nikki Giovanni was discussing the purpose of poets trying to compose poetry. The author is speaking. She says that the main purpose of all poetry is to show that life is precious. She says that all poetry should sing, be joyful, and inform the reader. This poem flows easily as it is read but does not rhyme like a lot of poetry. There is repetition of phrases like “It never says…” and it also uses good imagery in the form of similes like “…motion graceful as a swan…” (cite poem p.345).
C. Connotations:The poem is written in free verse with no rhyme or rhythm to be
As a native Mississippian, James Meredith honestly lived and worked all of his life. After serving nine years in the United States Air Force, Meredith wholeheartedly absorbed John F. Kennedy’s ideals on “civil rights” and decided to apply to the University of Mississippi (Howard 1060). Upon applying, Meredith knew that if accepted, he would be the first African American student to attend the University of Mississippi. Deep in the heart of the South, the state of Mississippi prided itself on its all white campuses and resistence toward integration. Little did they know that James Meredith, an uprising civil rights activist, would pull a racial chord in the university that would change it for lifetimes to come.
Before the start of the Civil War, conflict had been brewing between the states of the North and South. The election of Abraham Lincoln did not enhance the situation at all. Lincoln was a noted abolitionist and he wanted to abate the expansion of slavery into the Western states. The Southern states saw this as an infraction to their way of life by controlling their economy. How could the Northern states regulate the Southern states? The economy of the North was very different than the South. Especially since slavery was vital to farmers in the planting and harvesting the crops. Secession was on the horizon and Lincoln knew he had to do something to prevent this. To help build the Union Army, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve for 90 days. Every state was asked to fill a quota based on its population. This did not help Lincoln’s and only hurt the Union cause. This only enraged the Southern state more and seceding for the Union was becoming a reality.
In the book Jefferson Davis and His Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West author Steven E. Woodworth describes many personality traits of the Confederate President Jefferson Davis which led to several repeat mishandlings of the western theater that was fatal to the Confederate war effort. Although Davis had a strong dedication to the Southern cause, and a political and military education he was insecure and indecisive. This resulted in him making and repeating three major errors as commander in chief. First Davis habitually relied on many of his pre-war friends. In fact, Davis commonly chose personal friends to military roles which were often quickly proven to be a bad choice. This examination leads to Davis’ next weakness,
In the early 20th century, many writers such as T.S. Eliot (Thomas Stearns Eliot) and Langston Hughes wrote what scholars of today consider, modern poetry. Writers in that time period had their own ideas of what modern poetry should be and many of them claimed that they wrote modern work. According to T.S. Eliot’s essay, “From Tradition”, modern poetry must consist of a “tradition[al] matter of much wider significance . . . if [one] want[s] it [he] must obtain it by great labour . . . no poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone. His significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists’ (550). In another term, tradition only comes within the artist or the art itself; therefore, it should be universally monumental to the past. And, Langston Hughes argues that African-Americans should embrace and appreciate their own artistic virtues; he wishes to break away from the Euro-centric tradition and in hopes of creating a new blueprint for the African-American-Negro.
Poetry, a specific type of literature, contains the thoughts, feelings, and ideas of an author in the form of rhythms or particular styles. These styles can be formal or personalized to the author's will. Some of the most important tools used to shape a work of literature are the literary devices. Works of literature are like works of art. A sketch is simply a sketch until colored and given vibrancy. Works of literature are just words on a page until literary devices give them life. Tone, metaphors, and diction are some of the tools that give depth to a piece. These tools create images and feelings in which the audience can connect to. Michael Heffernan, a renowned poet of the 20th century, has his own particular style. His poem, Living Room, is a relaxed piece. Specific literary elements in this poem unfold a whole story in only a few short lines. Michael Heffernan uses tone and point of view to create the short story in this poem a depiction of real life.
Allen Ginsberg was born in Newark, New Jersey on June 2nd, 1926. He experienced a very troubled childhood. His mother, Naomi, suffered from multiple mental illnesses and was institutionalized several times. These problems left Ginsberg feeling emotionally distraught and confused. This is reflected in Ginsberg's later poems since the mother helped to determine his overall character and outlook in very important ways. In his adolescence, he began to feel an increased awareness of his homosexuality which he kept very private until his twenties. Ginsberg was first introduced to poetry by his father who was a high school teacher and a poet. However, it was not until Ginsberg’s affiliation with William Carlos Williams that he began to attain a severe interest in poetry. Williams became something of a mentor to the young Ginsberg. Ginsberg’s literary choice was further influenced by Lionel Trilling and Mark Van Doren, whom which he had made acquaintances with through classes at Columbia University. Columbia is actually where he established powerful friendships with writers William S. Burroughs, Neal Cassady, and Jack Kerouac. “This group, along with several West Coast writers that included Kenneth Rexroth and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, among others, would form the core of the Beat movement” (The Beat Generation vol 2: 363). To be understood, the Beat movement, also called the Beat Generation, was an American social and literary movement that originated in the 1950s. The members of this movement, including Ginsberg, were self-proclaimed as "beat", which was originally meant to describe them as weary, downtrodden individuals. This meaning later took on a more musical sense t...
Taken from the only place you've ever known. Away from the only family you have. Kept in crates and cages to be sold. Removed from their home, exotic animals are put in yours for personal amusement.This act is ruinous an inhumane, it violates the basic rights of human and animals. Exotic animals have a rightful place in their natural habitats, not as pets, because they endanger the community, become sick, and their owners abandon them.
Whitman wrote in ambitious proportions, while creating a style of rhythmic structure, creating stanzas and complex lines. By Whitman making his works synonymous it truly recognizes him as a great American Poet. With Whitman using free verse poetry he was able to change the original idea of structure with the rhythm of cadence, this helped people to emphasize poetry as an expression. With Whitman he uses non-orthodox type of structuring his poetry; he traditionally does not have a type of length for his works of stanzas, poems, or his lines.
For hundreds of years it has been recognized that not all learning takes place in the classroom. Students mental and social development also occurs outside the classroom in athletics, music, and clubs. No matter what club the student is involved in, he/she fosters organizational, interpersonal, communication, planning, critical thinking, financing, and evaluation skills. A club gives students the opportunity to combine components of their mental and social development into personal action. These students have opportunities to test their skills and talents in different situations. Students will always work together to set goals, develop action plans for achieving those goals and implement those plans. Doing so, students could develop and maintain working relationships and friendships. The soul of a club is the students, but it also consists of many things that happen behind the scenes.
The Theme of Freedom in Poetry Write about three poems on freedom: On Liberty and Slavery (George Moses Horton), Sympathy (Paul Laurence Dunbar) and Caged Bird (Maya Angelou). I have chosen to write about three poems on freedom: On Liberty and Slavery (George Moses Horton), Sympathy (Paul Laurence Dunbar) and Caged Bird (Maya Angelou). The full text of the poems is attached.
In today’s ambitious world, social media has developed opportunities businesses can benefit from. Business owners are able to reach more customers and present their brand through these networks, most times free of charge. Although businesses have been slow to implement this channel of communication, they have begun to recognize the value added to their industry by use of social media. In reviewing literature on social media and its effect on business relations, it is evident that social media is rapidly changing business marketing and communication practices. Even though there are numerous studies on the initial impacts and potential benefits of social media, further studies ought to be considered for business owners to further understand the long term advantages from the use of social media. This paper will begin by clarifying what social media is, trailed by discussion on customer engagement, user-generated content, and customer relationship management and financial features.
The writer finds social media is important in her current organization, Modern Business Concepts, Incorporated (MBC). With small business organizations such as hers, social media is important in spreading information on who the company is and what they do. Also as a business-to-business sales and marketing company, spreading the word is important in gaining customers and potential employees. Ucok (2014) uses research and experiments to prove how social media is essential to marketing. These platforms were essential in Ucok’s research, resulting in higher response with marketing campaigns proving “the importance of social media in marketing strategy and communication” (Ucock, 2014, p. 95).