Libya is an Islamic country and was originally three separate territories before Italian control. The Ottoman Empire conquered Cyrenaica in 1517, Tripolitania in 1551, and Fezzan gave their allegiance in the 1580s. Ottoman power declined in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and therefore, lost most of their power and control over colonies like Libya. The period when Libya was under Turkish control is often entitled a period of decadence, because the rulers could not confidently control the region, only nominal authority was maintained over the colonized region. However, the Ottomans did have a positive effect on Libya. They succeeded in establishing a fairly efficient public administration and in providing services such as the telegraph, in 1861, and schools.1 The capital of Libya is Tripoli and it was more of a city–state with commercial connections to a politically independent countryside rather than a center of integrated rule. In the west and southeast, pastoral nomads existed independently and autonomously in the desert. Smaller towns, some similar in commerce, trade, and political aspiration to Tripoli, occupied the shores of the Mediterranean to the east and west. There were tribes of agricultural communities in the south and everyone was aware of the military ability and political independence of the tribes. Although, there was not much farm in Libya, citrus and olive groves were abundant of the few crops they harvested. Family members in the respected camel herding tribes further south supported each community’s independence. All southern tribes resisted the coastal powers, however.
The Bedouin nomads lived in Libya during Ottoman rule. They are a part of a mostly desert-dwelling Arabian ethnic group traditionally ...
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...re the capacity of the Ottoman administration to exercise any real political and administrative control remained minimal. Overall, life was better before Italian occupation because Libyan people were free even though they were under Ottoman rule.5
Works Cited
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The 2011 Libyan Civil War started as peaceful protesting in front of the police headquarters over ruler Muammar Gaddafi’s corruption as their leader. This protest was met with brutal police violence. This sparked the Transitional National Council’s formation in an effort to change the government. The peaceful protest then made the leap to a rebel uprising that began to spread across the entire country. In order to contain this rebellion effort, Gaddafi stepped up his military control of the country and took back major cities. He also blocked off the public’s access to the media with censorsh...
Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Shuster Inc., 1997.
Zuhur, Sherifa. Saudi Arabia. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2011. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 8 Nov. 2013.
In analyzing the legacy of the 14th century Islamic traveler Ibn Battuta, it is impossible to ignore the impact that his voyages in the 1350-60s had on the social and cultural devlopment of the Mali Empire and its neigbors, but even more so the significance to the upper classes living in his natice Morocco and in the Arabic birthplace of Islam, who would grow to have great power and prestige across Africa and the East.
The Libyan Bedouin are a pastoral people, moving as needed through the Sahara desert with their sheep, goats, and camels. Their movements depend largely upon the seasons due to lack of vegetation and water in the lowlands during the dry season. They also cultivate small plots of cereal grains during the wet season on the desert plateaus and oases of Libya (Behnke, 1980).
Morocco’s during the late 16th and early 17th century was a relatively large land mass, although it contains a large amount of inhabitable dessert, geographically located between the Ottoman Empire to the East, the Spanish to the North, and the Atlantic Ocean to the West. This positioning gave the country a great opportunity to exert its independence through the ability to form alliances. One example of this can be seen through the constant struggle for control of the sea ports, the Eastern Moroccan shore. These ports not only made trade accessible to much of the Western and Northern world but were also essential for any navel attacks on nea...
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Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1991. Print.
...hey are creating new problems by stalling on their duties; the main duty being to draft a constitution for the country (BBC, 2013). In February of 2013 the formation of the constitutional panel was decided on by the congress (BBC, 2013). The decision was that twenty experts would be elected from each of the three regions in the country by the people (BBC, 2013). The members of congress are wary of hastening a document too quickly because they want to ensure that the constitution contains the rights of all Libyans whose needs are very diverse (BBC, 2013). Bilal Bettamer, one of the many to help on the frontline to end the 42-year rule, said, “I lose hope at times but Libyans have this ability to do things that brings hope back in a second. I’m very positive about our future, but honestly, the worst has happened already, all we go now is recovery (BBC, 2013).”
Early 2011 uprisings swept across the Middle East and North Africa, and many rebellions are still going on today. The Arab region has seen revolts and conflict since the 1800‘s, but only recently have these revolts been redirected to the problems of Arab society (Ghannam, J. 2011 pg 4-5)The Arab Spring Uprising was first sparked in Tunisia and eventually struck Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Yemen and then spread to other countries. Citizens throughout these countries were dissatisfied with the rule of their local governments. Issues like human rights violations, political corruption, economic decline, unemployment, extreme poverty, dictators...
Upshur, Jiu-Hwa, Janice J. Terry, Jim Holoka, Richard D. Goff, and George H. Cassar. Thomson advantage Books World History. Compact 4th edition ed. Vol. Comprehensive volume. Belmont: Thompson Wadsworth, 2005. 107-109. Print.
The Arab world consists of twenty-two countries encompassing all of North Africa and much of the Middle East. The Arab people number over 360 million and while they share a common language, there is a surprising degree of diversity among them, whether in terms of nationality, culture, religion, economics, or politics. (McCaffrey, 3) Most inhabitants of the Ar...
The major, direct and the most important reason of the Libyan revolution was the improper treatment of people by Muammar Gaddafi. “Most nations were once sympathetic with the Libyan revolution with the international media focusing on the crisis in Libya. Regional and international organizations also ...