The lava lamp first appeared in 1963 when it was invented by a British accountant by the name of Edward Craven Walker, who had never been very successful with the exception from the invention of underwater nudist films (smithsonianmag.com). When Walker first attempted to sell his lamp many local merchants found it ugly and not worthwhile. However, it soon became a symbol for the physadelic movement and sales took off. Walker’s lamp was first called the Astro Lamp; however when the idea was brought over to the United States in the mid 1960’s the name Lava Lite Lamp was coined. Before Walker sold his company, the Crestworth Company of Dorest, over seven million lamps had already been sold and around 400,000 are still sold every year. The original lamp has 52 ounces of liquid, which was usually colored yellow or blue (Bellis). The wax or “lava” inside of the original lamp was either red or white. However, now lava lamps can be found in any size from 12 ounces up to 252 ounces and it can also be found in a large variety of colors.
The basic properties of the modern lava lamp include a translucent liquid, colored wax, a glass vessel, and an incandescent light bulb. The rising and falling of the wax comes from the change in density, of the wax, due to the changes from the heat provided by the lamp. The translucent liquid is either water or an opaque mix of mineral oil, paraffin wax, and carbon tetrachloride. The water is obviously composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Mineral oil is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Paraffin wax is a hydrogen carbon (Cn H2N+2). Carbon Tetrachloride is made of chlorine atoms and chloroform, which is very similar to chlorine but it has an extra hydrogen atom.
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...praying shards of glass a lethal velocity. Mythbusters also proved this to be true (Wikipedia.org)
All of the materials that make up the lava lamp are very basic materials that are not hard to find. Elements are responsible for the makeup of these materials and the three sources from where these elements came are the Big Bang, fusion in stars, or supernovas. Lava lamps were never intended to provide actual light, rather they were intended to be a fun decoration that were different from anything people had seen. When the psychedelic movement came about along with drugs Walker, the inventor, claimed that “If you buy my lamp, you will not need to buy drugs” (Bellis). The lava lamps sales have declined in recent years but about 400,000 lamps are still sold every year. Some even believe that the lava lamp may make a comeback in recent years due to changing times.
In 1895, Professor Wilhelm C. Roentgen, a German physicist, was working with a cathode ray tube, much like our fluorescent light bulb. The tube consisted of positive and negative electrodes encapsulated in a glass envelope. On November 8, 1895, Roentgen was conducting experiments in his lab on the effects of cathode rays. He evacuated all the air from the tube and passed a high electric voltage through it after filling it with a special gas. When he did this, the tube began to give off a fluorescent glow. Roentgen then shielded the tube with heavy black paper and discovered a green colored fluorescent light could be seen coming from a screen located a few feet away from the tube.
Biological waxes are esters of long-chain (C14 to C36) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with long-chain (C16 to C30) alcohols. Their melting points (60 to 100 _C) are generally higher than those of triacylglycerols.In plankton, the free-floating microorganism sat the bottom of the food chain for marine animals, and waxes are the chief storage form of metabolic fuel. Waxes also serve a diversity of other functions related to their water-repellent properties and their firm consistency. Certain skin glands of vertebrates secrete waxes to protect hair and skin and keep it pliable, lubricated, and waterproof. Birds, particularly waterfowl, secrete waxes from their preen glands to keep their feathers water-repellent. The shiny leaves of holly, rhododendrons, poison ivy, and many tropical plants are coated with a thick layer of waxes, which prevents excessive evaporation of water and protects against parasites. Biological waxes find a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries. Lanolin (from lamb’s wool), beeswax carnauba wax (from a Brazilian palm tree), and wax extracted from spermaceti oil (from whales ;)
Glow sticks were first made in the 1960s when a scientist, Edwin Chandross tried to copy fireflies. He thought it was fascinating how they gave off a natural light. He made the first glow stick from oxalyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide. Since Edwin’s invention many scientist after made improvements to the invention. The United States Navy worked on creating glow sticks independently and received a patent in 1973. Glow sticks started to become popular in the 1980s and since then are still very popular today. The largest glow stick was made in 2009 and was 8ft 4 inches tall. Glow sticks can be used for entertainment when dancing they are very popular for raves, parties, night clubbing, special events etc. glow sticks are the safest light sources in emergencies, They are used because they are very efficient and do not require any batteries or electricity. Glow sticks are portable and waterproof can bear high pressure situations and that is why military forces and campers use them and have them on hand.
Controlling chemiluminescent light was how Omniglow Incorporated became the first company to produce light sticks. In 1986, when the first light stick was invented, scientists thought they could make a lot of money selling light sticks. However, since they had to make light sticks by hand, it was harder for them to produce very many of them. Until machines were invented to make light sticks, it cost too much money to make them by hand.
As walking into “The American Wing”, I was astonished by the beautiful designs of the oil glass lamps. There were three oil lamps that were on display. Each oil lamp was designed by Boston and Sandwich Glass Company (1825-88). Oil lamps were an essential component in America in the beginning of the 19th century. These lamps designed by clear glass plate with colored glass and designed by a colored layer. There is one large oil glass lamp that was designed with a striking cut-glass stem and its hanging prisms were called a “solar lamp” for the solar deflector over the flame. It is incredible how these lamps are designed, with its bright colors.
Rene Descartes experiment is to melt the wax to try to prove existence. Rene Descartes also shares with us what is happening to the wax while it is close to fire.
Our 100% all natural beeswax candle in Frosted Square Glass Candles burn longer and cleaner than all traditional wax glass candles. Our lovely candles are completely non-toxic, non-allergenic and non-carcinogenic. With its healthful negative ions and warm, halo glows they act like indoor air purifiers. Our candles have been proven to be beneficial for people who have allergies, environmental sensitivities or just too much stress in their life. 100% natural beeswax candles are the cleanest burning candles that you will ever burn. Rest easy knowing that this sophisticated candle is biodegradable and free of synthetics. Pure beeswax candles have many redeeming properties it is a pure, unadulterated fuel, has a
The light bulb changed how we lived now. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, as he grew up he was learning so much knowledge for chemistry and electronics, and his 40 years of research to get the light bulb to work. Thomas Edison is an inventor of major technology. Threw his years he had studied many books by his parents and been reading many books on chemistry and electricity. The more he grew up he started to pursue his education on chemistry and electronics for many years. The more he tried to invent things he had help making of the light bulb with a group of scientists. Thomas Edison is the one who made the light bulb become possible by pursuing more education.
Some of his inventions include the photograph, the motion picture the electrographic vote recorder, and his most famous invention the light bulb. Thomas edison started working on his igea of a light bulb in 1878. He envisioned it as a oil and gas based light that would be longlasting that could be used indoors instead of having to use the outdoor light. He based his ideas on other people's inventions such as Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans. He found that there were many flaws with where light sources and planned on creating a whole different approach to building his light build that would fix all on the problems. Thomas Edison light bulb consisted of a carbon filament. It took him many tries before he successfully tested his lightbulb which lasted thirteen and a half hours. His carbon light bulb became a patent on November 4, 1879. Even though the light bulb was already patent Thomas Edison still found more ways to improve it. He discovered that carbonized bamboo filament could last 1,200 hours, so Edison decided to form the Edison Electric Light Company where he could publicly sell his new light bulbs and have access to new supplies where he can improve and manufacture his carbon light bulbs. Thomas edison created a whole new way of access to working and living environments that impacted history in a great
The demonstration of the Incandescent light bulb was held in downtown New York City, New York at financier J.P Morgan’s office. The incandescent light bulb had instantly spread throughout the majority of the American homes and offices. The first incandescent light bulb used a carbon base inside a glass bulb until it became hot to produce a glow, (CITE). Many of the first designs were burning up quickly due to a poor vacuum design. Gas companies once dominated the industry were having a difficult time promoting the arc lamp due to the new invention of the Incandescent light bulb, (CITE). By the year 1892, the distribution of electric power replaced the gas setup, which had formally set up throughout the cities and the majority of the
Before lights were placed on trees, candles were used instead. It is widely believed that Martin Luther, the 16th Century Protestant founder, first added candles to trees. He was walking home on a winter night while writing a sermon, when he saw the stars shining above the evergreen trees. He noticed how beautiful the view looked, and in order to recreate it for his family, he placed lighted candles on his family’s Christmas tree. An inventor named Edward Hibberd Johnson hired Thomas Edison, then a 24 year old inventor, who later created the lightbulb. After Thomas Edison patented the light bulb in 1880, Johnson invested money in Edison’s bulbs and later used them to fashion Christmas lights. He recognized that candles are a fire hazard, and lights would provide a safer alternative. Johnson wired 80 light bulbs of three colors and strung them around his tree. The beautiful, bright tree attracted newspaper reporters and pedestrians who continued to come back each year. In 1894, President Cleveland put lights on the White House tree for the first time. The first set of lights was released to the public in 1900 and priced at $12 or $350 in today’s money. In 1914, the sale price for a 16 ft string of lights decreased to $1.75. Today, 150 million light sets are sold, and 80 million homes are decorated each year which equates to 6% of the United State’s electrical load each
Today safety glass, which will not splinter when exposed to shock, is in windshields for cars. Essential as it is, safety glass was the result of a clumsy mistake. In 1903, Edouard Benedictus, a French scientist inadvertently knocked a glass flask to the floor when fetching reagents. He heard the glass shatter, but later, he saw the broken pieces of the flask still hung together, more or less in their original contour. Then he learned that the flask had recently held a solution of cellulose nitrate, a liquid plastic, which had evaporated, apparently depositing a thin coating of plastic on the flask’s interior. He experimented with coating glass with liquid plastic, then shattering it and it was not broken. When Benedictus read that most of the drivers seriously injured had been cut by shattered glass windshields, he knew that his unique glass could save lives. Unfortunately, automakers were uninterested in the costly safety glass for windshields. It was not until the outbreak of World War I that safety glass found its first application: as the lenses for gas masks. After automobile executives examined the proven performance of the new glass under the extreme conditions of battle, safety glass’s major application became car windshields. It was very dangerous when something hit your car, the glass was broken and as a result, you would be sore and even dead. But with this unbreakable glass, now you don’t have to worry about this because nothing can touch you from the outside.
My study is based on the communication techniques used by Yankee Candle CEO Harlan Kent and his employees as he goes undercover at four different locations to gain a better understanding of his company and how operations take place when he is not around.
There are more than 400 commercial, religious and institutional manufacturers of candles in the United States, in addition to scores of small craft producers for local, non-commercial use.
Since its adoption in the late 19th century, Edison’s incandescent light bulb has seen remarkably little change and development. In comparison to other technologies, its growth has been almost non-existent. In fact, today’s bulbs operate under the very same principle that Edison’s did: incandescence. Incandescence is the basic principle that heated objects, like the tungsten filament of a light bulb, radiate light. While it is often the simplest solution that is the most successful, it is not always likely to be the most efficient. Traditional incandescent bulbs waste nearly all the energy they consume as heat, leaving very little to be used in the production of light making them one of the least efficient technologies we use every day. Despite this, incandescent bulbs dominate residential lighting with a large role in commercial lighting as well. Americans have always prided themselves on being leaders of technologic advancements and are responsible for some very impressive technology. The semiconductor industry for example, has grown over a million times more efficient in just the past fifty years [CITE]. This reputation makes it surprising that an American technology so radical at the time of its development and so widely adopted in our society has remained so static in time. This paper’s focus is the attributes of this technology that have resulted in such stagnant growth and to investigate other technologies, specifically compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs), which could finally bring this market into the 21st century. Additionally, it looks at policies implemented by the government whose intention is to speed up the adoption of this technology and what the growth of this industry might look lik...