Latin American Independence

Thus, Spain temporarily had no control over the colonies in the New World. Two years later, Morales Duares was announced president. With this a new liberal constitution was also created, which affected both Spain and the colonies. In regards to this revised document, discussion, unrest and open rebellions took place in 1812. Although there were changes like these occurring in Europe that affected the Peruvians, liberators such as General Jose de Sa... ... middle of paper ... ... who had retreated farther into … Ayacucho and returning himself to the coast to retake Lima.” During the first few days of December Bolivar achieved his goal to regain control of Lima.

Haiti also had a population of both free and enslaved mulattoes. Free mulattoes, however, had few right and were badly treated by the French. In 1791, a slave revolt exploded in northern Haiti. Under the able leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture, Haitians would fight for freedom and pave the way for throwing off French rule. In South America, Native Americans had rebelled against Spanish rule as early as the 1700s.

In 1804 the Haitians finally reached independence: “Let us swear to the entire universe, to posterity, to ourselves, to renounce forever to France, and to die rather than live under its domination.” (Doc 7). This rebellion was the first successful slave revolt, it was the first time in history a large scale slave uprising was successful. Not only did the slaves overthrow the French, they created a new government where equality was prevalent, foreshadowing the freedom of slaves around the world. Sensing that the news of this rebellion would create unrest in America Thomas Jefferson attempted to America from coming into contact with Haiti because he feared American slaves would be inspired to revolt. He “denied that Haitian revolutionaries had the same right to independence and autonomy that he claimed for American patriots” (Doc 9).

The plantation and the trade advantages that France had with Haiti were important (“Milestones: 1791-1804”, History.State.gov). On May 1791, led by a voodoo p... ... middle of paper ... ...e sadly passed away by assassination. After the death of Jacques, Henry Christophe assumed power and became the King of Haiti (“Henry Christophe”, Princton.edu). After the revolution and the reign of France, Haiti became a different state with their own ideals and their own way to run their government. The revolution of Haiti was successful in a great extent.

The elites, peninsulares, were European born and ruled Latin America in all aspects. Criollos, their children that were born in Latin America, wanted more power. Much of the population, mestizos, mulattoes, Africans, and natives were still feeling the oppression from Europeans. All of these were causes to the reasoning towards independence. The consequences were much more complicated and long-term compared to the causes of independence.

The Haitian Revolution was time of hectic blood shed war. Toussaint Louverture was the leader of the Haitians out of slavery and free from the Spanish. The colony of St. Domingue was a slave island, where slaves would work to make goods to be sent to Spain in return for nothing. The people were treated harsh and done wrong but by the efforts of Louverture they will become free. Louverture was the leader of the revolution but failed to complete his duties because of capture Jean- Jacques Dessalines took over in 1802.

In 1844 an uprising of black slaves was brutally suppressed. A movement during the years 1848 to 1851 for annexation of the island to the United States ended with the capture and execution of its leader, the Spanish-American general Narciso López. Offers by the U.S. government to purchase the island were repeatedly rejected by Spain. In 1868 revolutionaries under the leadership of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes proclaimed Cuban independence. The ensuing Ten Years' War, a costly struggle to both Spain and Cuba, was terminated in 1878 by a truce granting many important concessions to the Cubans.

Ogé and his rebels were successful the first few times, but they were soon defeated by a larger military force in Santo Domingo, and Ogé was publicly executed. Ogé’s bravery gave inspiration to the rebels who successfully won their independence during the Revolution. Social classes in Saint Domingue played a huge part in the slave revolts. The first part of the social class were the French and white colonists, who were in control of everything. Then came the mulattoes, who had the advantage of being free, but were still being oppressed by the French and white colonists who only saw them as people of color.

The Barba... ... middle of paper ... ...hould have been used to pressure Karamanli to free the hostages with no ransom. Additionally, the United States made another mistake when they abandoned Hamet Karamanli after guaranteeing his restoration to ruler of Tripoli after the war. No one paid much attention to Eaton’s opinions, as the brewing War of 1812 was much more important. Even after such a strong reaction to their dishonorable piracy, the Barbary States started their racketeering back up again a mere two years after the war, and the Second Barbary War began in 1815, after preoccupation with the War of 1812 had ended. Being the first war that the United States fought as an independent country, the First Barbary war was a good lesson on the strengths and weaknesses of the US military system.

In France the peasant and middle classes fought to overthrow their monarch, while the Haitian slaves wanted their freedom by trying to overthrow the French government which at that time was controlling them. In the year 1791 both the Haitian Revolution and French Revolution were occurring. The French at this time were in the process of making a new government based on equal rights drafting a new constitution. In Haiti an outraged enslaved population were finding strength in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and were about to take action of their own. The Haitians and French, began with questions that Enlightenment thinkers were creating.