I. INTRODUCTION
Now a days, Biometrics maps to a new civilian applications of commercial use. Automatic Fingerprint Identification System(AFIS) appeared as an essential tool for all the biometrics and the law enforcement agencies[1].The demand of the secured biometric system, now lead to the growth in the features and individualities for the responsibility of quite complicated fingerprint and finger-vein present in the fingertips of the fingerprint. This important technology is widely used in area-access control, Pc login, and e-commerce. These all biometrics are attracted towards this technology, because of password theft, loss and release of user’s memory[10].
In biometrics system, the security and convenience of the system are important[10].The system requires high response times and fast accuracy. The biometrics includes the patterns based on fingerprint,fingervein,facial features,the iris, and the voice,hand grometry.However,some of the features are susceptible to forgery,so if it may used in conmbination the system will be efficient.The fingerprint and fingervein produces high confidentiality over other measures.
A. FINGERPRINT
In general,not even a twin sisters or twin brothers may not have the same fingerprint.They may be varying with respect to their genetic arrangements of cells and tissues. Fingerprint may consists of friction ridges and it is a combination of ridges(black line) and valleys(space between the two ridges).In fingerprint,level-2 fingerprint features has been executed with high performance and individuality in the fingerprints and it may produces the misperfections randomly in the case of friction ridges and they are known as the minutiae. These type of fingerprint acquisition typically utili...
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... Image Process., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1952–1964, Jul. 2006.
[9] M. Tico and P. Kuosmanen, “Fingerprint matching using and orientation based minutia descriptor,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1009–1014, Aug. 2003
[10]Naoto Miura, Akio Nagasaka, Takafumi Miyatake, “ Feature extraction of finger-vein patterns based on repeated line tracking and its application to personal identification” Machine Vision and Applications ,Feb.2004
[11] R. Cappelli, M. Ferrara, and D. Maltoni, “Minutia cylinder-code: A new representation and matching technique for fingerprint recognition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 2128–2141, Dec. 2010.
[12] S. Yoon, J. Feng, and A. K. Jain, “Latent fingerprint enhancement via robust orientation field estimation,” in Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Biometrics, New Delhi, India, Oct. 2011, pp. 1–8.
Biometrics-based authentication applications include workstation, network, and domain access, single sign-on, application logon, data protection, remote access to resources, transaction security and Web security (Campbell, 1995). Utilized alone or integrated with other technologies such as smart cards, encryption keys and digital signatures, biometrics are set to pervade nearly all aspects of the economy and our daily lives (Campbell, 1995). Among the features measured are; face, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris, and voice (Campbell, 1995).
The term biometrics is commonly known as the field of development of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in the biological sciences. Though, even more recently it has taken on a whole new definition. Biometrics is an amazing new topic referring to “the emerging field of technology devoted to the identification of individuals using biological traits, based on retinal or iris scanning, fingerprints, or face recognition”. Biometrics has already begun using applications that range from attendance tracking with a time clock to security checkpoints with a large volume of people. The growing field of biometrics has really been put on the map by two things, the technological advances made within the last 20 years, and the growing risk of security and terrorism among people all over the world. In this paper I will focus on: the growing field of biometrics, why it is important to our future, how the United States government has played a role in its development and use, the risks involved, the implications on public privacy, and further recommendations received from all over the science and technology field.
People who study and match fingerprints to people are called forensic scientists. Matching fingerprint patterns is the simplest and best way to identify people, but there are other ways to identify people too, such as by scanning the iris patterns in their eyes. The iris is the colored part of your eye that surrounds the black pupil, or circle, in the middle.
Imagine this; you are a police officer that has worked for years in a department. You have always had to enter a suspect’s fingerprint information into the...
Biometrics is, “the automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity (biometricgroup.com, 2014).”16 The purpose of the paper is to provide information about different forms of Biometrics. With the ever increasing threat of terrorism at home and abroad, biometrics is emerging as a way to increase security across the world. It is important to point out current issues dealing with Biometrics and how they relate to people that may one day have to use them.
Fingerprint scanning has already been implemented into business to effectively enhance security and authentications. When scanning a fingerprint, a scanner has to have a pre-saved image of the authorized finger to compare images in a linked database to allow access. In order to allay privacy concerns, however, fingerprint scanners do not store actual fingerprint images. Instead unique characteristics of the fingerprint are analyzed and stored as an encrypted mathematical representation (Ballard, 2016). Businesses are hoping to safeguard their sensitive data by using this form biometrics as a viable option because of the several benefits and low costs. This is a easy to use system with cheap equipment that generally requires low power consumption. However, the disadvantage is that if the surface of the finger is damaged or contains any marks, the identification becomes increasingly difficult. Fingerprint security systems are already
...hniques such as correlation-based matching, minutiae-based matching, and pattern-based (or image-based) matching uses standard dataset for testing purpose. But Practically due to some physical changes in finger during verification ,system gets failed. Various fingerprint matching techniques do not authenticate wrinkled fingers. Thus error rate gets increased when matching is done between dry and wet-wrinkled fingers .Thus proposed system will extract features which will not change even after wrinkling. The proposed system will use minutiae based matching due to which error rate can be reduced. The Wet and Wrinkled Fingerprint (WWF) dataset is used to check the performance of proposed system. In this dataset there are wrinkled fingers due to wetness also some samples of dry fingers. Thus proposed matching algorithm will improve fingerprint recognition for wet fingers.
Within the article the authors point out the use of biometric and multi-modal authentication techniques, pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of different authentication approaches. The article has substantial background information and study results, not only point out the impact of such methods but also shows how the active authentication can take place to benefit the
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
Biometric verification refers to an automatic verification of a person based on some specific biometric features derived from his/her physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. A palm print refers to an image acquired of the palm region of the hand. The biometric use of palm prints uses ridge patterns to identify an individual. It is rich in its features: principal lines, wrinkles, ridges, singular points and minutiae points.[1]
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
It is easy to think of biometrics as the future science technology are always happened in some fictions, associated with solar car and clones together. In fact, it has long history that people understood the basic principle and application of the biometric. Thousands of years ago, the people of the Nile basin used the biometric in everyday transactions (such as scarring, skin tone, eye color, height, etc.) for identification. Of course, they had no any automatic electronic identification system, or computer network, but the principle is similar.
The ACE-V method that has been in use by fingerprint expert examiners (which has been the subject of controversy) has had several objections raised against them, some of which according to [2] are:
There are many main characteristics of a fingerprint’s minutiae that allows fingerprint analysists to properly identify the fingerprint. Two of the most common characteristics are ridge ending and ridge bifurcation (Zaseir par 8-9). A ridge ending is a ridge that ends suddenly within the fingerprint. While a ridge bifurcation is a ridge ending diverges into two separate paths. The core and delta are another important classification within a fingerprint. The delta is a spot within the fingerprint that creates a three point “triangle” and the core is the top, inner ridge within the fingerprint. With each type of minutiae, a fingerprint analysist is able to classify each fingerprint into a specific
“The term -information security- means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction” (United States Code, 2008). In order to ensure the identity of who is trying to access the information, the concept of “Biometric Technology” has been developed in the last years. This essay will start explaining this concept and the characteristics of its development through the time. Then, the essay will offer a brief explanation of biometric systems operation and a description of different biometric systems developed until now. Finally, this research analyzes the current and future applications and the issues that surround it.