III. Purpose of LHC
The LHC is an important machine that allows scientists to delve further back in time and into the undiscovered parts of matter. The results from the experiments executed in the LHC are hard to predict since the experimental ideas are at the limits of our understanding. The LHC projects aims to uncover new facts about the origins of our universe and educate us regarding the matter that surrounds us, and that exists in the universe beyond.
CERN (2009) pointed out that the Standard Model of particles and forces can summarize our current knowledge regarding particle physics. This model has been established through different experiments and has been proven to be successful in the discovery of new particles that have been in existence before, but unbeknownst to us. However, there are issues that are left unexplained that are interconnected in this model (Ekeren, 2013). One of these unexplained issues is the origin of mass. It has not been explained yet why there are particles that are heavy and why some have no mass at all. This was attributed to the Higgs Mechanism. The Higgs mechanism points out the existence of the ‘Higgs field’ which fills the whole space and the acquisition of mass by particles is through interaction within these fields. Theoretically, these particles that intensely interact within the field are heavy, and those that have weak interactions are light. A particle known as the Higgs Boson can be associated in determining the existence of the Higgs field and can be detected using the LHC (Ekeren, 2013; CERN, 2009). Another unexplained issue is that there is no unified description regarding the fundamental forces since it is hard to theorize about the gravity involving other forces. The Supersymmet...
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...theorized in the Higgs boson and has been proven as the Higgs boson itself. It was detected through the CMS and ATLAS detectors which have shown intensity peaks of 124-125 GeV (Bethke, 2005; Ekeren, 2013; Alison, 2012).
Since one of the detriments of experimenting with the LHC includes diminishing returns, considerations for upgrading of the devices involving luminosity, energy, and the detectors have been proposed. These discoveries lead to the proposal of larger hadron colliders such as the Super Large Hadron Collider or the Very Large Hadron Collider. By 2013-2015, plans have been made to upgrade the LHC (the High Luminosity LHC proposal). Continuous research collaborations by scientists and engineers are done via the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) in order for them to achieve the goals of answering all unexplained issues regarding Particle Physics.
In many theories that come into the light in the scientific field, there are always gaps, there are always issues within each that have no explanation to them. For example, the big bang theory, this is a theory that attempts to explain how the universe was created. This theory states that the universe began as a very small, dense, and hot ball (Imagine the universe all put into a ball the size of a pen tip) with no stars or atoms. This ball then expanded incredibly quickly. The universe was then formed as the way it is now. Personally, I feel as if this theory has a major hole that prevents me from believing it is possible. This hole is, “What exactly put this ball into motion in the first place?”
In 1949, the U.S. was shocked when the U.S.S.R. was able to successfully reproduce a nuclear missile, when, the U.S. had been carefully guarding the plans for the missiles. The missiles continued to improve when, in January of 1950 a German theoretical physicist named Klaus...
A possible argument for preferring the God hypothesis runs as follows. A physical force strength or elementary particle mass can often seem to have required tuning to such and such a numerical value, plus or minus very little, for several different reasons.
For centuries, physicists and philosophers alike have wondered what makes up our universe. Aristotle thought that all matter came in one of four forms: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Since then we have come a long way, with the discovery of the atoms and the subatomic particles they are made of. We can even guess at what makes up protons and neutrons. We have since then discovered and predicted the existence of particles other than the atom, such as the photon, neutrino, axion, and many others.
Just recently a major discovery was found with the help of a device known as The Hubble Telescope. This telescope has just recently found what many astronomers believe to be a black hole, After being focuses on a star orbiting empty space. Several pictures of various radiation fluctuations and other diverse types of readings that could be read from that area which the black hole is suspected to be in.
The Big Bang Theory is one of the most important, and most discussed topics in cosmology today. As such, it encompasses several smaller components that attempt to explain what happened in the moments after creation, and how the universe we know today came from such a fiery, chaotic universe in the wake of the Big Bang. One major component of the Big Bang theory is nucleosynthesis. We know that several stellar phenomena (including stellar fusion and various types of super novae) are responsible for the formation of all heavy elements up through Plutonium, however, after the advent of the Big Bang theory, we needed a way to explain what types of matter were created to form the earliest stars.!
...onding research are amongst the biggest names in the scientific world. Einstein of course, who laid the foundations. Karl Schwarzschild, who was at the forefront on picking up where Einstein left - Frank Tipler, who devised one of the first models of a time machine; and inspired a generation – Kip Thorne who opened the possibilities of wormholes in the fabric of space-time – and Stephen Hawking, who has explicitly shown a repeated interest in the topic. Even then that’s just to name a few! In the coming chapters I will analyse their work, and investigating whether in principle it is realistically possible to build a working time machine, given our current state of technological and physical progress as a civilization.
Another great achievement of Dr. Feynman’s was the creation of a mathematical theory that accounts for the phenomenon of super fluidity in liquid helium. Along with Murray Gell-Mann, Feynman did fundamental work with weak interactions like beta decay. Years later, Dr. Feynman was an important part of the development of quark theory by putting forward his parton model of high-energy proton collision processes. Furthermore, Dr. Feynman introduced new computational techniques and notations into physics, most importantly, the Feynman diagrams that perhaps more than any formality in recent scientific history, have altered how basic processes of physics are calculated and conceptualized.
Uuq-292 lost 3 neutrons, and afterwards the resulting isotope decayed further by alpha emission. 24494Pu + 4820Ca 292114Uuq 289114Uuq + 3(10n), this claims that superheavy elements can be made in the laboratory.
The largest and most powerful particle collider in the world, based in CERN on the border of France and Switzerland, it is a huge undertaking. It is built to assists the scientists in discovering what the Earth is made of; it also plays a crucial part in resolving many theories by scientists. It is a 27 kilometer ring with super magnets that help the particles speed along the way. Some people also argue that it’s a machine that could possibly be dangerous, because it has the capability of creating small BLACK HOLES! “One way or another, it's the world's largest machine and it will examine the universe's tiniest particles. It's the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).”
Matter takes up space. According to the defining characteristics of matter and energy, matter can only be located in one location at any point in time while the superposition of energy is possible (Nave). Due to only being able to occupy one location, the phenomenon of two particles of mass occupying the same space would disprove that matter is different than energy (“What is Matter?”). When positrons (positively charged electrons) and electrons, which are both fermions, collide they undergo a process known as electron-positron annihilation (“Electron-Positron Annihilation”). The process of electron-positron annihilation results in both particles producing photons. The production of photons introduces an interesting variable when defining the existence of mass: photons, which are also classified as bosons, can experience superposition (Strassler). However, the production of non-matter particles on its own does not disprove the existence of mass.
The next big step in the discovery of the atom was the scientific test that proved the existence of the atom. After the discovery of the atom we had the discovery of subatomic particles. With the discovery of the subatomic particles came the research, which came from experiments that were made to find out more about the subatomic particles. This research is how we uncovered that most of the weight of an atom is from its nucleus. With the gold foil experiment, tested by Ernest Rutherford, he discovered the existence of the positively charged nucleus. He proved this when the experiment was happening, a small fraction of the photons th...
...t is that human reasoning abilities have allowed mankind to develop a virtual telescope far beyond the reach of our newest space viewing technologies. With this theory, humans come closer to realizing our place within the multiverse and the uniqueness of our own universe. The conflicting ideas, though difficult to prove one way or another, provide an impetus that will stimulate further research into this field, opening new doors and potentially useful technologies that could further humans’ understanding of everything on which our knowledge rests.
This is probably the greatest discovery imaginable; however, the universe still seems to be a very controversial subject.