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I was able to acquire new understandings about adult development , the central nervous system is new learning to me , it helped me to understand how people react and the time they take for the response. This aroused my interest with the crystallized and Fluid Intelligence . Importantly, age explanation as a contributive factor which can cause change in the brain activity ( Batles, 1997) made me think about the link this one can have with intelligence.
The approaches of adult development learning such as the models presented by Erickson, Levinson and others, stage development models by Piaget, King, Kegan, Kitchner, Perry led to the question of the link between age appropriate tasks and behavior. Clearly, it is important to match the teachable tasks with the age. However, as a US Army trainer and language instructor, I pick children`s learning activities level for adults for learning purposes.
The social roles play a significant role in shaping the learning experience.
I liked the way, the writer illustrated the samples and provided explanations about the sociocultural factors that...
In “Can You Build a Better Brain”, the author, Sharon Begley discusses how the cognition processes better. He starts by presenting some experiments that prove nutrition did not support the brain smarter. According to the article, he believes that the “cognitive capacity” can be amended by concentration in people’s behavior. He further believes that people’s intelligence do not depend on own skills; however, as long as people peceive new things, their synapses and brain systems will
Crystalized is referred to as acquired skills and knowledge (Cohen, 2012). Fluid intelligence is in reference to memory (Cohen, 2012). Luria's information processing approach is a theory that there are two basic processing styles, simultaneous and successive (Cohen, 2012). Simultaneous is when the thought as happening all at once, where as successive is when the thought is gathered over several thoughts in a series (Cohen, 2012). The Carroll's three-stratum theory is a belief that intelligence is layered with general intelligence of top and thoughts and processing below, similar to the stratum in geology (Cohen, 2012). The Cattell-Horn and Carroll's CHC model is a blended model of the Cattell-Horn model of crystalized and fluid intelligence and the Carroll model of
Merriam, S.B., Caffarella, R.S. &Baumgartner (2007) Learning in Adulthood: A comprehensive guide, san Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass
An adult person who is illiterate and tries to read shows profound changes in deep brain. It came from a study where researchers helped illiterate woman from North India to read. In addition, the illiterate woman had scanned their brain before and after learning to read. The researchers found a big change in the brain after the women learned to read. They conclude that the brain of an adult is not flexible. The plasticity still actives in adult age.
Further research indicates that a person's intellectual capacity is at its greatest during these years. So much so that it could be compared to that of a full grown adult. The brain acts as a sponge soaking up all the information around it, learning as much as it can. “Adolescents and adults seem to engage different parts of their brain to different extents…” Thought the intellectual ability of a teen can match that of an adult does not mean that they think and interpret things the same. While performing tasks such as solving different problems and test, studies show that, when compared side by side, teens use different parts of the brain to different extents then the adult. This is due to the fact that the brain is still “Under Construction”. Therefore teen must use different parts of the brain for the same task as not all aspects of the brain are ready to handle some tasks, causing different results in different emotional and behavioral responses. This indicates the teen brain is still maturing
Several people have developed the idea that as a person gets older their intelligence will decrease, this assumption has been developed through the idea that as an individual’s age increases, their fluid intelligence skills deteriorates. However there is more to intelligence than just fluid intelligence, crystallised intelligence works in much the same way except in reverse, with the older generation having more crystallised intelligence than younger people in their teenage years. Crystallized intelligence consists of acquired skills and knowledge which comes from ...
In this theory started with observation of children in his family when in that moment he thought the children’s minds were different then the adult’s mind with that, he said and proposed the intelligence and the knowledge is obtaining and developing according the ages of the children when they are growing; but that, does not
Mirriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A
In this world, there are many different individuals who are not only different in demographics but also different neurologically. Due to an immense amount of people it is important to first understand each individual, in order, to better understand them and to help them when it comes to certain areas such as education, the work force, and etc…. For this reason psychologists have aimed to further understand individuals through the use of psychological assessments. This paper aims to examine a particular assessment tool, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (Fifth Edition), which measures both intelligence and cognitive abilities (Roid, 2003). This assessment is usually administered by psychologists and the scores are most often used to determine placement in academics and services allotted to children and adolescents (despite their compatibility for adults) (Wilson & Gilmore, 2012). Furthermore before the investigation dives into the particulars of the test, such as its strengths and weakness’, it is best to first learn more about the intelligence scales general characteristics.
The true nature of intelligence has been debated more intensely then ever over the last century. As the science of psychology has developed one of the biggest questions it had to answer concerned the nature of Intelligence. Some of the definitions that have been given for intelligence have been the ability to adjust to one’s environment. Of course by such a definition even a person who is generally considered to be dull can be regarded as being intelligent if he can take care of himself. Other definition is such as having the tendency to analyze things around yourself. However it can be argued that such behavior can lead to over-analyzing things and not reacting to one’s environment and dealing with it in an intelligent manner.
In a 1921 symposium entitled “Intelligence and Its Measurement”, psychiatrists were asked to define intelligence and their answers varied greatly. One described intelligence as “equivalent to the capacity to learn.” Other definitions included “the ability to adapt adequately to relatively new situations”, “the capacity to learn or profit from experience”, and “the knowledge that an individual possesses.” And one stated that there was no simple definition to the word because “intelligence involves two factors- the capacity for knowledge and knowledge possessed” (Sternberg & Detterman, 1986, p.39-40).
Lohman, D. F. (1998). Fluid intelligence, inductive reasoning, and working memory: Where the theory of Multiple Intelligences falls short. Talent development IV: Proceedings from the
“Once a child is born we begin helping them with tasks that are too difficult to master alone but that can be learned with guidance and assistance which is the (ZPD) zone of proximal development.”(Morrison, 2009 sec 14.6.1) this is the major concept of Lev Vygotsky theory. As our children grow we will interact with them throughout their lives. We may feel that a child should be at a certain stage in life; which would fit perfectly into Piagets theory that a child develops in stages. However we have always helped them with task; we sit back, observe the child trying the task, and when they c...
Prior Experience- Adults have a lot of previous experiments which may help them understand situations better, or it may make them biased toward learning new material, ideals or strategies.
To me, its always interesting to see how sometimes, people from different cultures and across different continents can be writing about the same issues regarding people and life. It probably sounds simple, but sometimes language and culture create barriers to those who don’t take the time to look for a way to understand it. It is through that breakdown that people can miss out on a lot of the common understandings that they have and only focus on their differences.