Lab Report for Experiment #2 1. The labels have fallen off of three bottles thought to contain hydrochloric acid, or sodium chloride solution, or sodium hydroxide solution. Describe a simple experiment which would allow you to determine which bottle contains which solution. The simplest experiment for this type of situation would be to use red and blue litmus paper to distinguish between acids, bases and salts. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) makes blue litmus paper change color going from blue to red, making it an acid. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) makes red litmus paper change color going from red to blue, making it a base. Sodium chloride solution (NaCl) is neutral, since it would only soak blue and red litmus paper, considering that it is a by product of when an acid and a base mix together, neutralizing each other. …show more content…
The labels have fallen off of two bottles thought to contain solid sodium chloride or solid sodium carbonate. Describe a simple experiment which would allow you to determine which bottle contains which solid. For the solid sodium chloride, using distilled water will make it an aqueous solution. Just like before using red and blue litmus paper will only indicate that the sodium chloride is neutral. The same can be done for sodium carbonate since it is soluble in distilled water, making it easy to determine whether it is an acid or base when using litmus paper. In this case, sodium carbonate is a base so red litmus paper will turn blue when the solution of sodium carbonate is dripped on to it. 3. Malachite has the following formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂ a) Based on your experiments what is the formula of the black solid? The formula of the black solid is Copper (ii) Oxide, CuO. b) Based on your experiments what is the formula of the colorless gas that is released when heating the malachite? The formula of the colorless gas that is released is Carbon dioxide,
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
...ost likely to be battery acid. If it is water, it has a Ph level of around 7. For vinegar, the Ph level is approximately 2.4 - 3.4. Thus, once testing the liquid compare it with the Ph levels above to discover the mystery solution.
Afterwards, we conducted crystallization to evaporate the liquid in an attempt to detect the presence of a salt. Before stating which of the potential
Label the cups to with the sharpie to correspond with the three solutions, supersaturated salt, distilled water, and 80% sugar solution.
Hydrochloric acid is polar substance and has a linear shape with an electronegativity difference of 0.9; it has weak dipole-dipole forces/bonds between its molecules (intermolecular forces) and polar covalent forces/bonds between the chloride and hydrogen ions (Intramolecular forces). (5) HCl has a molar mass of 36.4609 g.mol-1. HCl is fully miscible in water as it forms hydrogen bonds with the water. Hydrochloric acid has a melting point of 247K and a boiling point of 321K if in a 38% solution. 17
Our first goal in Project 7 was to determine what our three unknown solutions were. We did this through a series of tests. Our first test was a series of anion tests. We performed anion tests to determine whether any of the following anions were present in our solution: chloride, sulfate, nitrate, carbonate, and acetate. Our first solution, labeled as B, had only the chloride test come out positive. The next solution, C, tested positive for acetate, as did our last solution, E. We next performed anion tests. These included flame test, as well as an ammonium test. For the flame test, certain cations turn flames different colors, so we used this knowledge to test to see which cations could be present in our solutions. During this test, the only solution that appeared to turn the flame any color was solution C, which turned the flame bright orange, indicating the sodium ion was present. This led us to the conclusion that solution C was sodium acetate. We next performed an ammonium test, which involved mixing our solutions with sodium hydroxide, and smelling the resulting solution in order to detect an ammonia smell. Solution B was identified as smelling like ammonia, indicating the presence of the ammonium cation. From this, we identified solution B as ammonium chloride. We next checked the pH of all three of the solutions, first by using litmus paper. Solution C was slightly basic, solution E and B were both acidic, with a pH around 4. Since we knew that solution E had acetate, and was acidic, and did not turn the flame any color, we determined it was acetic acid, as none of the ions in acetic acid would turn a flame any color.
Base being Baking Soda, or Sodium Bicarbonate, and the acid being Vinegar, or Acetic Acid for a control. I measured 10 ml. of Vinegar, dumped that into a two inch high glass jar, and wrote down the pH level. Then I measured o...
A group of 8th graders had to figure out what was in a Mystery Mixture, but they had no idea what it was. There were nine different substances that they had to work with. The substances were Epsom Salt, Chalk, Washing Soda, Road Salt, Table Salt, Citric Acid, Sugar, Vitamin C, and Baking Soda. The group believes the mystery mixture was Citric Acid & Baking Soda.
The flame test produced a lighter orange flame indicating there was not a combustion reaction (shown in Table 2). The colour pink indicates that the cation Cobalt (Co2+) is present in a solution. Since the solution A was originally observed as a pink, transparent liquid, it was determined that the Cobalt was present in solution A. The litmus test results indicated that this solution is neutral (Table 2), therefore the anion found within the solution must abide by this. It was determined from the litmus results and Table 4 that the possible anions present in solution A were Cl-, NO3-, and SO42-. In order to determine the anion in the solution, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- were compared. The anion Cl- produces precipitate with solutions C, E and F, while the NO3- and SO42- ion do not produce precipitate with all three. Therefore, the solution A must be CoCl2.
Solid A was identified to be sodium chloride, solid B was identified to be sucrose, and Solid C was identified to be corn starch. Within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there are results that distinguishes itself from the other 4 experimental results within each test. Such as: the high conductivity and high melting point of sodium chloride, and the iodine reaction of corn starch. Solid A is an ionic compound due to its high melting point and high electrical conductivity (7), within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there is only one ionic compound which is sodium chloride, with the test results of Solid A, it can be concluded that is a sodium chloride. Solid B was identified as sucrose due to its low electrical
In this lab, we tested what would happen to the four substances if we mixed each of the substance with four other liquid substances. The material we used were baking powder, baking soda, corn starch, sugar, stick, water dropper, ice tray, water, vinegar, and iodine solution. First, I poured each of the dry materials into each slot on the ice tray by the recommended amount as said on the sticks. Then, one at a time I used the water dropper to have water droplets fall into the baking powder. After I mixed the baking powder and water together I observed what happened to the mixture. For the remaining dry substances, I did the same thing. Next, came the vinegar where I mix the vinegar with the four substances. For this, I also observed what has happened.
Formulation B has the highest meaning that it is the most alkaline formulation. According to “Soda Ash: Technical and handling Guide”, soda ash has very high pH in concentrated solution, thus making formulation B most alkaline. Formulation D on the other hand is a control and has no added alkaline solution other than sodium chloride. Therefore, it has the lowest pH, close to neutral.
In order to discover the initial properties of the unknown compound, the group performed qualitative, quantitative, conductivity, anion, and cation tests. For the qualitative solubility test, solvents used were water, toluene, and acetone; the test helped determine if the compound was ionic or polar. The unknown dissolved in water, which had a pH of 7, therefore the compound was polar or ionic. The unknown did not dissolve in toluene or acetone, proving that the compound was not nonpolar. During the quantitative test, group members placed two grams of the unknown compound ten milliliters of water and measured how much compound would dissolve in a given volume of solution. Using an Erlenmeyer flask and a volumetric pipet, the students dissolved two grams of the unknown into ten milliliters of water and a precipitate
Bases are substance that, when added to water produce hydroxide ions. Hydroxide Ions have one hydrogen and one oxygen atom. Some types of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, sodium carbonate, and sodium phosphate. Bases turn red litmus paper blue. Bases taste bitter and feel slippery. When a base neutralizes an acid it forms a salt. Neutralizing is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt. A salt is any compound that can be derived from the neutralization of an acid and a base.
The actual, theoretical, and percent yield of sodium chloride was found. Sodium Carbonate was mixed with hydrochloric acid and the liquid was boiled until there was nothing left. The result was the production of salt, or sodium chloride.