Case Study (LAB-ON-A-CHIP)
lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit.
Fields such as analysis and synthetic chemistry have further application research in LOC systems and is downscaling the fluid handling structures as by using the new nanotechnology available.
The field of microfluidics holds the next generation of diagnostic tools, medical devices, fuel cells, chemical analysis and synthesis and pharmacological compounds
LOC has been made possible partly due to the reduction in cost of production and new production materials are pushing LOC forward. Being cheap to produce makes it widely available to country’s who don’t have a strong economy.
LOC applications have
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Given its small size it has greater control over the sample size and the concentration, this intern allows for reduced chemical waste. The down sizing of this technology has greatly aided the development of more highly compact systems.
However, LOC is an emerging technology and has a few disadvantages. Due to its small size the physics of small volumes of liquids can be hard to control and the physical and chemical effects are more significant at a small scale, these effects are things such as chemical interactions, capillary forces and surface roughness. This results in more complications that are not encountered with more traditional methods and equipment. The methods of detection are not always suited for the micro scale dynamics, this can result in results not being accurate and having a low signal-to-noise
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LOC should take the opportunity to invest in the expanding market of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a French word meaning “one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. “. Since this is an innovation and it is using other technology it will have to deal with other people trying to copyright LOC designs and another issue might occur when LOC might want to incorporate technology or methods of production that someone else has patented.
The people who create LOC devices will need to look out for ideas and methods that have been patented so as not to infringe of their copyright. For example, if they want to use a curtain type of Nano sensor they will have to check if it is patented. The Nano sensors are created using materials like carbon nanotubes and the technique used to make the carbon nanotubes might be patented. The carbon nanotubes are extremely useful in making LOC have a wide range of analytical ability but not increase the size.
The exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities may include:
• Developing a business
Nano-thermal analysis methods are also known as micro-thermal procedures and they use the principle of characterizing highly localized materials on a micrometer. The characterization is then changed from a micrometer scale to a sub-micrometer scale with the temperature being regulated to the specified units. The application of nano-thermal analysis methods started towards the end of the 20th century. Although it has been applied in several other fields including microelectronics, its application in pharmaceuticals has not been that popular.
Chemical Vapor Deposition is the most popular method for producing CNTs the process involved high temperature, hydrocarbon source such as methane which is decomposed in the presence of a metal catalyst (Ando, 2004). There are various types of Chemical Vapor deposition processes, but this method is recognized as Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition which is comparatively less expensive to Laser Ablation and Arc discharge methods (Ando, 2004). Chemical Vapor deposition is a flexible and lean way to produce Carbon Nano-tubes. It is very versatile process in which source hydrocarbon can be supplied in any form (Solid, Liquid or gas) and we can use substrates such as Ceramic bricks, cement, glass wool etc. The growth of C...
If they choose not to license the product in the early stage and CRP-1 succeeds in Phase I & II, I recommend Nucleon to invest in a plant to supply the market on their own if they can find external support from investors. With their solid test result from Phases I & II I believe Nucleon can build trust in investors and get the initial investment. The expected return on this investment is very high compared to licensing the product at this phase. However if they don’t end up finding external support, they can still license the product at Phase III and enjoy the immediate cash flow followed by the royalty payments.
Nonetheless, as technology develops rapidly the demands for improvements and advances in order to separate biomolecules in a more efficient way, as well as the overwhelming of the restrictions, which specific stationary phases have, has motivated researchers and scientists in order to search for materials that can replace stationary phases used last decades (Tetala and van Beek, 2010).
The process of removing particles from 0.025 micron to 10.0 micron range from fluids by passing through any microporous medium called micro filtration is, in this case, a membrane filter. In this experiment, we will be using 2 and 7-micron nanoparticles (Munir, 2006). When we look at microfiltration. We are looking at how the smallest particles can get through a filter. Specifically, backflush, which is reversed flow. Incorporating backflush into dead end filtration creates a more efficient system (Li, Bertram & Wiley, 1998).
Size Exclusion Chromatography is the separation technique which depends on the molecular size of the components present in the mixture. The molecules are separated due to their different rate of moving out through the pores of the packed material when they pass through the bed of porous particles. The principle of size exclusion chromatography is the non-adsorptive behavior of the sample, which increases the retention of the molecules under analysis.
He is not effective because he often could not complete his tasks on time e.g. a) On Monday he stated to prepare his to do list and did not complete it till the evening, b) The over due appraisal, he still forgot to return etc.
“Protecting your intellectual property is crucial to your business.” (Hinson, 2014) When business have intellectual property that is going to be popular or helpful in advancing there business, they have to take measures to ensure that the ideas or prototypes are protected from other that may steal the intellectual property. In the United States, many laws or safeguard steps have to be followed in order to preserve the intellectual property. A business owner has the right to protect the intellectual property, because the failure to do so could result in demise of the business itself.
Custom Chip, Inc case describes the situation of a company where lack of coordination and cooperation among different departments is hindering them to achieve their common or ultimate goal as a single business entity. Applications engineering, product engineering and manufacturing are all inclined towards achieving their individual objectives and timelines rather than collaborating and synergizing their efforts in order to attain a common goal of effective production with improved cost reduction. Few of the primary reasons are insufficient and unorganized company policies for coordination and cooperation, poor networking with in the organization especially on management level, lack of communication and influence among managers and VPs, insufficient human resource, and measuring a department's effectiveness solely on its performance based on individual objectives, rather than checking its effects on over all company's performance.
Hughes Microelectronics is a company that were found to have unethical practices during the 1980’s when handling government contracts. This was brought to light by two whistleblowers that worked for the company at the time. The purpose of this is to review four main questions concerning the situation and how it was handled ethically by the whistleblower. The first and second parts will be fairly similar what were the responsibilities of the company itself, what were the responsibilities of the main whistleblower Margaret Goodearl. Next, the conflict between the two parties will be examined and also whether or not the situation was handled ethically. Lastly the question of whether or not whistleblowing is the most ethical solution
Chromatography and electrophoresis are used for many wonderful processes that take place in labs. Chromatography and electrophoresis are separation techniques employed by chemists. Chemists execute multiple chemical tasks daily therefore they must find the most efficient ways to carry out these functions. Even though electrophoresis has some benefits, Chromatography is more useful than electrophoresis because it is more versatile and can be widely used in research; chromatography should be used more than electrophoresis in scientific research because it is more effective in a lab setting and can be used in more fields.
An organic solvent or a mixture of solvents (the eluent) flows down through the column. Components of the sample separate from each other by partitioning between the stationary packing material (silica or alumina) and the mobile eluent. Molecules with different polarity partition to different extents, and therefore move through the column at different rates. The eluent is collected in fractions. Fractions are typically analyzed by thin-layer chromatography to see if separation of the components was successful. Column Chromatography is the preparative application of chromatography, which is mainly used to obtain pure chemical compounds from a mixture of compounds on a scale from micrograms to kilograms using large industrial columns.
Živković, Snežana; Takić, Ljiljana; Živković, Nenad UNAPREĐENJE EKOLOŠKIH PERFORMANSI PRIMENOM STANDARDA ISO 14001 - STUDIJA SLUČAJ.. Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly. 2013, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p541-552. 12p. DOI: 10.2298/CICEQ120513088Z. ,
What are the advantages and disadvantages of both instruments in measuring total soluble solid content?
CPU Stands for "Central Processing Unit." The CPU is the primary component of a computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications, constantly receiving input from the user or active software