A mediados del siglo XIX, el centro de París , contrariamente a la creencia popular, no es una ciudad de la Edad Media . París siempre se ha reconstruido , pero es cierto que el crecimiento de la población de la capital, en el siglo XVIII y las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, provoca una densificación considerable de los distritos centrales. Un laberinto de calles estrechas que impide el tráfico y acoge a cada vez más habitantes, además los higienistas denunciarán la insalubridad del aire. De acuerdo con las ideas de la época , las calles estrechas y la altura de las casas impiden la circulación del aire y la dispersión de los " miasmas ", lo cual podrá producir enfermedades que podrán llevar al individuo a la muerte . Así, las clases ricas tienden cada vez más a dejar estas áreas para establecerse fuera en los suburbios al norte y al oeste . Es este proceso de empobrecimiento de la central, con el peligro político que lo acompaña, que fundamentará las grandes obras abordadas en el siglo XIX.
Estas observaciones no son novedad del s.XIX ya en el s.XVIII ya se veían necesarios estos cambios, el avance de las transformaciones desde el centro de París eran reclamadas por las autoridades en búsqueda de estas necesidades mínimas de higiene, de tráfico y de control del espacio, comenzando por el desarrollo de los muelles del Sena y la destrucción de la casas de los puentes.
Ya durante la revolución francesa, en 1794, una “comisión de artistas” realiza un plan que proponía nuevos avances en París: una calle en línea recta conectará la Place de la Nation con la columnata del Louvre, a partir de la prolongación de la ya existente avenida Victoria, que prefigurará la futura el gran eje este-oeste.
Además también tenemos la creación por Nap...
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...a parte este tendriamos la zona industrial y las casas de los obreros.
Aún así, se dice que las actividades de Haussman llevaron a París a una mayor pobreza, endeudando a los ciudadanos, provocando una mayor necesidad de asistencia entre los ciudadanos.
A finales de mi 1860 es cuando el sistema de financiamiento comienza a caer. Las expropiaciones ya no serán tan fáciles y la ley se pondrá a favor del ciudadano. Jules Ferry se hará un nombre a partir de sus estractos periodísticos de crítica de todas las interveniones realizadas y la falta de un cálculo de financiamiento bien hecho, su frase célebre será la ya dicha “las cuentas fantásticas de haussman” que dará título a su escrito.
Haussman será depuesto de su cargo meses antes del final de la II República, en 1870, y situación de endeudamiento en la que París se veía sumida será solventada en la Tercera República.
Getlein, Mark. "Chapter 17-The 17th and 18th Centuries." Living with Art. 9th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill, 2008. 384-406. Print.
University of California-Berkley geographer and author Michael Johns argues in his novel, The City of Mexico in the Age of Diaz, that the central Zocalo of Mexico City does more than geographically segregate the East from the West, but Mexico’s national mentality as well. During the years of Diaz’s democratic façade, the upper classes thrived upon plantation exports, feudalist economics and the iron fist of Diaz’s rurales while struggling to maintain European social likeness. East of the Zocalo, shantytowns housed thousands of poor pelados that served as societal blemishes of a suburbanite’s experience. In Johns’s work, the penniless and indigenous serve as the scapegoats for the priviledged and their obsession with grooming Mexico City to be a little Europe.
It describes the life in Paraguay of that time so excellently that it is peculiar that a man so misinformed as Gimlette that writes a book plagued of errors, has called the attention of the “elite press”, North American.
..., (First volume of trilogy, Inteligencia sentiente), Madrid: Alianza Editorial/Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1980, p. 82-83. (Hereafter, IRE; unless otherwise indicated, all translations of Zubiri are by the author).
During the last half of the 1800’s and the early part of the 1900’s urban population in western Europe made enormous increases. During this period France’s overall population living in cities increased twenty percent, and in Germany the increase was almost thirty percent. This great flow of people into cities created many problems in resource demands and patterns of urban life. These demands created a revolution in sanitation and medicine. Part of this revolution was the redesigning of cities. G.E. Baron Von Haussmann was the genius behind the new plans for the city of Paris.
Judas at the Jockey Club, written by William H. Beezley, is used as a tool for those observing Mexico’s history during the Porfirian Era. This supplemental text addresses the social and political issues that were prominent during the Porfirian Era under the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz; whose goal was to lead the modernization of Mexico. Porfirio Diaz was the president of Mexico in 1876; he made a false promise to resign in the Creelman interview in 1908 but did not officially resign until 1911. Beezley displays an analysis of the segregation between the common people and how they attempted to deal with an oppressive government. Judas at the Jockey Club is important to this Latin American course because of the extensive background Beezley provides to shed light on the tensions that allowed the socioeconomic gap to exist.
Evidently, Spain’s loss of its colonies[3] lowered the morale of the Spanish people and reflected Spain’s backward and deteriorating nation,[4] especially in respect to the development of other European countries of that period. It was here that the Spanish realised their desperate need for ‘regeneration.’ However, a disagreement on the type of change needed divided the Spanish nation into two factions, ... ... middle of paper ... ...
Henri Lefebvre was a French social theorist and philosopher who had been appropriated into the world of urban studies by a generation of geographers, architects and urban planners. The Production of Space is often cited as Lefebvre’s best-known work despite the English translation not being issued until 1991, 17 years after its first publication in French (1974). In France, Lefebvre is known as a “Marxist philosopher cum rural-urban sociologist” who “brought an accessible Marx to a whole generation of French scholars” (Merrifield 2006: xxxvii). During Lefebvre’s career he penned 67 books; however, to this day the majority have not been translated into English, which explains why The Production of Space is his most influent work in English speaking countries. The book itself takes in a vast array of disciplines and is informed by the “project of a different society, a different mode of production, where social practice would be governed by differe...
...frastructure and factories that heralded the onset of modern capitalism. The only other source with the resources available to commit to this type of investment would have been the state, which would not necessarily have seen the need to invest in this manner when they already had possession of large quantities of wealth.
Thesis: The French Revolution transformed not only the French society, but also had a huge influence and marked impact on what the purposes of the arts and their expression were now, making profound changes in what they would supposed to be used for, in the form of the Neoclassic works of art that made their appearance prior to the French Revolution, in which very special emphasis is given to the patriotic, the nationalist feeling, together with a strong sense of self-sacrifice that should be present in every person’s heart.
...e role of women but also keep alive the struggle between civilization and barbarism during the begging of the oil era and the political criticism to Venezuela’s president Juan Vicente Gomes (1857 – 1935) regime. Romulo and De Fuentes used themes such as Mr. Danger, Coronel Pernalete and Doña Barbara to describe his presidency. Coronel Pernalete, and specifically the scene of dotting the H to have them sound makes reference to Gomez illiteracy; a man who rose to power due to his ample knowledge of military strategies. Doña Barbara and Mr. Danger represent Gomes mismanage of the country; on one side, Mr. Danger serves as an example of the US domination in Latin America while Dona Barbara on the other makes reference to his violent way of governing and the fact that, during his presidency, a significant percent of Venezuela’s wealth ended up on his hand and Wall Street.
...ed in the discovery and eventual colonization of North and South America. Painters, sculptors, and architects exhibited a similar sense of adventure and the desire for greater knowledge and new solutions; Leonardo da Vinci, like Christopher Columbus, discovered whole new worlds. With a new emphasis on the science, people like Philippo Brunelleschi were accomplishing great feats of artistic and architectural design. The new Renaissance “style” that emerged during this period called upon the classical roots of ancient Greece and Rome but new scientific understanding and a stronger emphasis on the individual also influenced the works created during this period.Bibliography Rice Jr., Eugene F.; Anthony Grafton. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460-1559. W. W. Norton & Company. New York, NY, 1993. Helton, Tinsley. World Book Encyclopedia, v16. “Renaissance”, pp. 222-224. World Book–Childcraft International Inc. Chicago, IL, 1979. Vasari, Gorgio. Lives of the Artists. Penguin Books Ltd. London, England, 1987
Now we have established the importance of the April Thesis we can now take into account the importance of “Peace, Land, Bread” which acted as a rallying call for the revolutionaries during the November Revolution, despite the importance that some historians give it we can In fact say that it was...
In the past, museums have been overlooked and not given enough appreciation. Museums display history, thoughts, and experiences through time .In addition, museums help preserve historical heritage. The fact that they are underrated causes people to miss out on previous events that occurred in the past. Recently a plethora of people are visiting museums because they realize the importance of familiarizing themselves with the world’s history and their roots. History can people understand the past, interpret the present, and prepare ourselves for the future.
The French Revolution and the legacy of A Tale of Two Cities & nbsp; It is a commonplace of Dickensian criticism that the writer was influenced by Carlyle's The French Revolution in A Tale of Two Cities. Taking Dickens's comment that he read Carlyle's history "five hundred times" (I. Collins 46) as a starting point, many critics have discussed Carlyle's influence on several aspects of the novel, such as the narrative technique (Friedman 481-5), the imagery associated with the Revolution (I. Collins 52; Baumgarten 166; Lodge 131-2), and the narration of the historical episodes (Lodge 134; Friedman 489). And yet, Dickens's outlook on revolutionary violence differed significantly from that of Carlyle. As Irene Collins points out, Dickens "dislikes the violence of the revolutionaries, both in its popular form (the mob) and in its institutionalised form (the Terror). Unlike Carlyle, he can no longer see justice in the violence" (53).