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aristotle's politics ideas
gender and sexuality in ancient greece
sexuality in ancient greece and rome
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La paideia homosexuelle: Foucault, Platon et Aristote
ABSTRACT: As Michel Foucault describes it, the homosexual paideia in classical Greece was an erotic bonding between a boy who had to learn how to become a man, and a mature man who paid court to him. In many of his dialogues, Plato plays with this scheme: he retains the erotic atmosphere, but he inverts and purifies the whole process in the name of virtue and wisdom. In the Republic, however, Socrates' pupil forsakes this model in favor of a bisexual education for the shepherds and shepherdesses of the State. Aristotle resolutely opposes this move. He thus reverts to a kind of homosexual paideia for the future citizens of his ideal state, but this choice fosters many unspoken problems.
À la fin du premier livre de la Politique (1260b8-19), Aristote souligne l'importance d'une éducation appropriée des femmes, qui forment « une moitié de la population libre », et des enfants, qui deviendront « des citoyens participant au gouvernement de la cité ». Cette formation doit être définie « en tenant le regard fixé sur la constitution de la cité »: elle variera donc de concert avec les diverses formes de gouvernement. Pourtant, lorsqu'il analyse celles-ci, le Stagirite ne se préoccupe pas de leurs arrangements éducatifs, pas plus que sa cité idéale n'aborde la question de l'éducation féminine: pour mieux comprendre cet étonnant silence, il faut comparer la politique aristotélicienne de l'éducation à celle de Platon, mais sur la toile de fond de la paideia homosexuelle telle que la décrit Foucault.
1- La « paideia » homosexuelle
Selon K. J. Dover (1982: 13), la culture grecque diffère de la nôtre par quatre traits: tout d'abord, « elle admet facilement l'apparition successive de préférences homosexuelles et hétérosexuelles chez un même individu »; en second lieu, « elle nie implicitement que cette succession ou cette coexistence puisse créer des problèmes particuliers pour l'individu ou la société »; troisièmement, « elle réagit favorablement aux manifestations d'un désir homosexuel en paroles ou en gestes »; enfin, « elle a du goût pour un libre traitement des sujets homosexuels dans la littérature ou dans les arts plastiques ». C'est dans ce contexte que s'est élaborée la pédagogie homosexuelle, c'est-à-dire, dans les termes d'Élisabeth Badinter (1992: 121), « [l']apprentissage de la virilité par le moyen de l'homosexualité ». Cette forme particulière d'éducation est longuement décrite par Michel Foucault dans L'usage des plaisirs.
Patterson, Thomas C. "Tribes, Chiefdoms, and Kingdoms in the Inca Empire.” Power Relations and State Formation (1987): 1-15,117-127.
In the United States government, it is very likely to see the unbalanced relationship between career-emphasis work and personal achievement. Politics as a whole is a very fast-paced, insensible career area. Politicians are driven to achieve not because of personal interests but because of career advancement. ‘The West Wing’ entertains viewers with the relationships of its characters, such as the “one-night stand” Sam had with a female prostitute that began the show in the first episode, “Pilot”. The show falsely gives attention to the personal lives of the characters, most likely for entertainment value, that would otherwise be ignored in the reality of politics. “Why ‘The West Wing’ Is A Terrible Guide to American Democracy” explains that the show “falls prey to the fallacy of personality-driven politics” (3). The article also explains other ways to make the show more politically correct for
Prior to Spanish discovery of the new world, the area now known as Bolivia was home to three major ethnic and linguistic groups; the Uru, Aymara, and Quechua. The Uru lived on rafts, fishing and foraging along the shore of Lake Titicaca. The Aymara dominated the Uru, reducing their status to poor fishermen and landless workers. Aymara society was built upon a basic social unit of kinship that organized the distribution of labor, and this system, termed “ayllu,” was later adopted by conquering Quechua. The Aymara are known for their practice of ‘freeze drying’ potatoes high in the mountains, for their organized systems of irrigation, and their control of colonies in warm lowlands to produce food. By the early 15th century the Quechua dominated the northern highlands of the Andes, and by the later half of the century had adopted the name of their supreme ruler, the Inca. The Inca led a series of invasions into weakening Aymara kingdoms in the south Andean region.
Hospitalized patients are often hooked up to monitoring devices such as heart monitors, which monitor the electric activity of the heart, or connected to a physiological monitor so their vital signs are constantly being measured. These monitors are intended to continuously assess the patients’ status, and alarm if the patients’ status drops below what is considered normal. The increased use of monitoring devices has created a new phenomenon known as alarm fatigue. According to the ECRI institute (2011), “alarm fatigue occurs when the sheer number of alarms overwhelms staff and they become desensitized to the alarms resulting in delayed alarm response and missed alarms-often resulting in patient harm or even death.” Alarm fatigue has become a major problem within the nursing community and has already had a negative impact on patient safety. Due to the adverse effects alarm fatigue is having on quality patient care, there has been a call to action to find solutions that may deter alarm fatigue. Evidence-based practices involving quality improvement initiatives have been put into effect. The problem has also gained national attention from such institutions as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and The Joint Commission (TJC).
Francis (Ed.), At Issue. Should the Government Fund Embryonic Stem Cell Research?. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. (2009). (Reprinted from, n.d.) (Reprinted from Science Magazine, 22 September 2006) Retrieved from http://padme.cochise.edu:2067/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Viewpoints&prodId=OVIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010587207&userGroupName=sier28590&jsid=67271fc8c381f89007dff41cfd3813e6
Bolivia is a landlocked country in South America. It borders many countries including Chile, Peru, Argentina, and Brazil. Bolivia is part of the Andean region and has been inhabited for almost 20,000 years. The Tiwanakan people inhabited the area until about 1200 A.D. In which the Incas to over and ruled the area until the Spanish conquest showed its power throughout all of South America. Both cultures have greatly influenced the life of a Bolivian citizen. The Spanish held their power of Bolivia until it claimed its independence in 1809. Bolivia went to war with Spain for many years and final won on August 6, 1825. Bolivia, although independent, could never regain its steps. The governments from here on out were all very weak and only hurt the country as a whole. Many countries saw this weakness including Chile who went to war with Bolivia in the War of the Pacific (1879-1883). Up until this point Chile had a coast but the loss of this war also was the loss of the coastline and Bolivia then became a landlocked country. After this Bolivia found its...
The question of women’s agency, in moving history holds a long history dating back to the ancients, then turning away from that in small degrees during the Renaissance. Most notable in this change comes from the capital of education, the Italianate states. Home to rife differences in attitudes towards women, it also hosts the origins of the discussion around women’s purpose. The current field largely finds inspiration from writers during the American 1970s women’s rights movement, and it shows in the modern origins and their influence. However, the field’s creation date loom farther back than such a recent movement, easily dating back to Plato and Aristotle. Beginning with a negative view of the female sex as inferiority, the study of women and their rights progressed to Giovanni Boccaccio’s creation of female biography in 1374, and further developed with a female voice in 1405 under the pen of Christine de Pizan. Clearly, none of the prestigious scholars could have predicted the alterations and growth of the discussion surrounding a people group often considered subhuman.
The office contains Leo, Toby, Josh, and Sam, which are all part of the White House staff, part of the team. The four male figures mentioned focus on certain aspects dealing with the president and their image in the news and media coverage. The team mainly cons...
Basically saying that yes psychology is more than a clinic or office career but there is also an entire “exotic” field of psychology with different travel opportunities. Different types of traveling psychologists include; military, sports, environmental, forensics, circus, NASA, google, filmmakers, traffic, and etc. (“while the traditional image of a psychologist may be someone stuck behind a desk all day seeing patient after patient, in reality, many psychology careers offer frequent travel. In many cases a patient wont visit them the psychologists visits the patient, some even travel overseas”). While everyone assume it is a boring desk job it can simply become an opportunity to travel and do what you love, helping people mentally and emotionally. With that being said psychologists have many different fields, and just because it seems unentertaining look into all the other options, each year hundreds of thousands of undergraduates decide to become psychology majors, along the way they gain a greater knowledge of all the fields and branches in psychology. With plenty of education and experience comes the opportunity to advance in your
Homosexual relationships can be traced back throughout history and in every civilization. The ancient Greeks in particular were well noted for homosexuality being an integral part of everyday life. “The secret of Greek homosexuality has only ever been a secret to those who neglected to inquire. The Greeks themselves were hardly coy about it”(Davidson, J. 2007). Famous authors such as Plato, Xenophon, Herodotus and Athenaeums all explored this subject in their writing. A modern day writer Thomas K Hubbard, has translated the most important primary texts on homosexuality in ancient Greece and Rome into modern, English and collected together a comprehensive sourcebook. Here we get a true glimpse into the past of the daily lives of the ancient Greeks and homosexuality was not only perfectly normal, it was a huge part of society.
Monroe, Kristen, et al., eds. Fundamentals of the Stem Cell Debate: The Scientific, Religious, Ethical and Political Issues. Los Angeles/Berkley: University of California Press, 2008. Print
Lippincott , Williams, & Wilkins, (2012). Sentinel event alert spotlights nurse fatigue. Clinical Rounds, 42(3), 27-29. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000411416.14033.f5
Psychologists are very important people; they help millions of people with their everyday struggles and problems that they have to deal with. Not only do psychologists help people with problems that they cannot handle on their own, they also are scientists who study human minds and behaviors.
Psychology has big role in my future career because I will be working with patients every day and I need to understand them and help them. Things I learned in this class are the most important things that helps me achieve my goals. If I understand basics of human behavior, I will better able to understand and treat patients. I want to understand my patient’s emotional needs and reactions in order to communicate with them. Most of all, I need them to trust me because patients who trust their doctors are more likely to open up with their symptoms and problems. For example: young patients may be more afraid than adults. They may have difficulties in understanding their illness. Doctor can apply his/her knowledge of child development and psychology and relate to the young patients in a way that is helpful for both of them. Moreover, it also helps me see how patients are describing their illnesses. Most of the patients describe their illness in a negative way and only few are optimistic. So psychology plays really big role in medical