Léopold Sédar Senghor
Senegalese poet and statesman, founder of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc. Senghor was elected president of Senegal in the 1960s. He retired from office in 1980. He was one of the originators of the concept of Négritude, defined as the literary and artistic expression of the black African experience. In historical context the term has been seen as a reaction against French colonialism and a defence of African culture. It has deeply influnced the strengthening of African identity in the French-speaking black world.
"L'èmotion est nègre, la raision est héllène." (emotion is Negro, reason is Greek) "Negritude is the totality of the cultural values of the Black world."
Léopold Sédar Senghor was born in Joal-la-Portugaise, a small fishing vilage about seventy miles south of Dakar. His father was of noble descent and wealthy merchant. His mother was a Peul, one of a pastoral and nomadic people. Later Senghor wrote: "I grew up in the heartland of Africa, at the crossroads / Of castes and races and roads" The first seven years of his life Senghor spent in Djilor with his mother and maternal uncles and aunts. At the age of twelve, he attended the Catholic mission school of Ngazobil. He continued his studied at the Libermann Seminary and Lycée Van Vollenhoven, finishing secondary-school education in 1928.
After winning a state scholarship, Senghor then moved to Paris and graduated from the Lycée Louis-le-grand in 1931. During these years he read African-American poets of the Harlem Renaissance and such French poets as Rimbaud, Mallarmé, Baudelaire, Verlaine and Valéry. Among Senghor's s friends were Aimé Cesaire, with whom he would develope the idea of Negritude, and Georges Pompidou, who later elected President of France. In 1932 Senghor was granted French citizenship. He served in a regiment of colonial infantry and in 1935 he obtained the agrégation degree in grammar.
From 1935 he worked as a teacher, notably at Lycée Descartes in Tours, then in Paris at Lycée Marcelin Berthelot. At the outbreak of World War II, he joined the French army, but was captured by the Germans and spent eighteen months in a camp as a prisoner of war. During this period he learned German and wrote poems, which were published in HOSTIES NOIRES (1948). In 1944 he was appointed professor of African languages at the École Nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer.
Senghor's first collection of poems, CHANTS D'OMBRE (1945), was inspired by the philosopher Henri Bergson, and dealt with the themes of exile and nostalgia.
When most people hear the name “Ringling” they think of the Ringling brother, known for their world famous circus. Besides their world-renowned circus, one of the brothers, John Ringling, had a vast collection of art pieces in his Florida mansion. His collection grew so big; he decided to build a museum to display his collection of art. The Ringling museum is located in Sarasota, Florida. The Ringling museum is comprised of multiple buildings. The museum itself, which holds all the art and has a gardens filled with sculptures and elegant architecture. Next to the museum is the circus museum, filled of wonders from their circus; and finally, john Ringling 's lavish mansion. I will focus on two specific pieces from the fine art museum. The Ringling museum has a
“Physiognomic” is the word Allport used to explain how being black has a negative connotation. Allport adds that the English language relates black in the English language to “sinister connotations” such as “black death” or “black-hearted” (368). In this chase, the color black is associated with bad and white is associated with good or pure. If white signifies purity and morality, then why did whites own slaves? Why weren’t blacks and whites on an equal playing field? It goes back to Allport’s message that, “The very act of classifying forces us to overlook all other features…” communicates to us that the label “black” only allows us to see just that—black (365). Other words can be associated with black people such as: police officer, author, and doctor, but in the back of our minds, black is still a word with a negative
The Leopold and Loeb case quickly became one of the most well known case around the nations in the 1920’s and is still a well known case today. The Murder of a dead young wealthy boy by two young wealthy men. The Murder of little Robert Franks seemed completely random. Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb knew exactly what they were doing the day they planned their murder, they just didn't know who they were going to kill. Somebody they knew that would trust them and only if they had a perfect opportunity. When that opportunity arose it was Robert Franks a boy who knew the two men and even had been to the Loeb house to play tennis became the selected victim while walking home alone that day.This case from any other once the media found how wealthy the primary suspects were. These two young boys were caught and confessed within days. The real significance to the case was the plea.. Guilty. Not only did they admit the murder and plead guilty but they decided to go straight to the judge and have no jury. Through out the years Major court cases that involve the wealthy or famous normally are put to the top of the media’s priority. The media controls and attempts to persuade our view by showing the people what they want to. This affects our perspective of what crimes shown by the media, how the law is interpreted ,and also commercial culture in all that it is.
The assumption that black people have lesser moral values and have a greater inclination towards violence is not new. According to Herman Gray, “Blackness was constructed along a continuum ranging from menace on one end to immortality on the other, with irresponsibility located somewhere in the middle.” (Gray) T...
Beowulf exhibits many obvious heroic qualities, such as his strength and confidence in battle. These along with more subtle diplomatic actions serve to define him as both a great warrior and leader.
Looking back at the past, individuals can read about how some of the world’s most powerful leaders have risen, and fallen. These leaders helped their country in their own unique way that ranges anywhere from conquering other countries, to aiding their own country in a depression. In their own way, each leader has a façade that they show as the rise to power, and one individual sticks out from the rest. Adolf Hitler rose to power in a unique way that was comparable to some, but still vastly different. A lot of key factors in Hitler’s life, played key
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On April 9, 1835, a king was born. Leopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor was the son of Leopold I of Belgium and Louise of Orleans. As a young prince, his parents saw Leopold II as a weakling who was not fit for this world and they often preferred his younger brother and sister. His parents rarely spoke to him and instead sent correspondences through their royal secretaries. If Leopold II wanted to speak with his father he would have to request and audience with him. Leopold II learned that in order to overcome these feelings of being unwanted that he would need to gain the favor of many people. Court officials were certainly eager befriend the future king. They taught him about the government, showed him maps and gave him information about the world. Leopold II visited many colonies of other empires. He became obsessed with the idea of having colonies and a larger kingdom to rule once he became king. He looked to acquire or purchase many territories but failed to do so. Leopold II finally looked into the continent of Africa where about 80 percent of it was still under indigenous rule. He had finally found his land to conquer.
Beowulf displayed great courage and honor throughout his journeys and battles; he was an epic hero. An epic hero is a person who is viewed as larger than life and possesses values of a certain society. From the time of Beowulf’s battle with Grendel to his brawl against the dragon, he has showed everyone what being an honorable hero looks like. His heroism is revealed through both youth as a young warrior and wisdom as a reliable king. He never backed down and didn’t give up when situations were tough. Beowulf had obligations to fulfill and went about every aspect of his life with courage and strength. He cared for his people and was willing to take on anyone that threatened them or his kingdom. He sincerely was the hero of his time.
On November 24, 1694, Voltaire was born François-Marie Arouet to an upper middle-class family in Paris, France. Throughout his life, Voltaire wrote numerous philosophical works including poems, plays, and books. Next to Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau and others, Voltaire is known as one of the greatest French Enlightenment writers. His works, and the works of other Enlightenment writers, influenced both the French and the American revolutions.
During the 1920s and 1930s in particular, the French capital, more perhaps than anywhere else in the world, was the center of African diasporic intellectual production, playing host to three of its most influential strands: Negritude , Harlem Renaissance ( many of whose members summered in Paris), and jazz. Several parallel though unconnected movements- Cuban literary movement “Negrismo” akin to French-speaking Haiti and Martinique in Negro renaissance in the United States that followed the First World War, in Marcus Garvey’s much reviled “back to Africa movement” and in W. Du Bois’s Pan Africanism created an atmosphere which fostered Negro self consciousness. Negritude was the culmination of all these efforts at affirming the cultural authenticity
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