1. Introduction:
Atresia ani is a congenital defect of anorectum that can affect kitten and puppy. Affected animals will have abnormal routing of feces or anal canal closure (Bright & Bauer, 1994). It is uncommon to found atresia ani case in small animals and the true incidence of atresia ani cases cannot be determined as most of the affected newborn kittens or puppies will be euthanized due to the hypothesis that surgical repair for atresia ani is usually unsuccessful (Prassinos et al.,. 2003; Mahler & Williams, 2005;Viana & Tobias, 2005). Atresia ani is less acute in female when the cases is accompanied by a rectovaginal fistula as feces can be voided through vaginal and often the affected animals can live for few weeks without any serious illness (Kersjes et al., 1985). Rectovaginal fistula is a structure which accompanied atresia ani and it had been seen in certain atresia ani cases. The fistula connects the ventral wall of the terminal rectum with the dorsal wall of vagina which allowed feces to be voided through the vaginal opening (Suess ., 1982). Atresia ani can be classified into four different classes, which including congenital stenosis (Type I), imperforate anus alone (Type II), or combined with more cranial termination of the rectum as a blind pouch (Type III), and discontinuity of the proximal rectum with normal anal and terminal rectal development (Type IV), (Vianna and Tobias, 2005). The reported case in my report was a type II atresia ani kitten with presence of rectovaginal fistula.
2. Case report
Three months old, 0.6 kg female domestic short hair kitten was presented to University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University Putra Malaysia, with a single perineum opening. The kitten was fed with dry biscuits, suckling from dam and was managed indoor together with four other healthy siblings. The owner had observed that she was the smallest among the siblings and the appetite was reduced and the kitten becomes inappetence for around five days before presentation.
During physical examination, the kitten appeared to be dull but responsive. The mucous membrane was pale and capillary refilled time was more than 2 seconds. There was no opening for the rectum and there was a perineal bulge. Greenish watery feces were observed dripping out from the vagina when kitten was straining to defecate. Hunchback position was observed when the kitten was standing and she was shivering during examination. During palpation on the abdomen, hard feces can be felt impacted along the intestine.
Evolution. The word generally used to describe the change in the genes of humans from generation to generation to adapt to their environment, but the definition also states that it is any process of growth or development. Evolution, in this case, can be successfully used in either context. Florenz Kitten adapted the design of the steam engine to work for the landscape of the region and manufactured them at his shop, the Kitten Foundry and Machine Work, later renamed the Ferdinand Foundry and Machine Works (Sonderman 57). Years later, after electric and gas power have erased all need for steam products, few steam engine still exist. Although the Ferdinand Foundry and Machine Works in Ferdinand, Indiana no longer continues production, the
On ultrasound there is a live fetus in breech presentation. Fetal biometry is consistent with dates. A detailed anatomic survey was overall unremarkable and there were no gross structural abnormalities seen. There was some concern for a mildly echogenic bowel, but no other common markers of aneuploidy were seen.
Nala, a two-year, eight-month-old spayed female Cane Corso was presented to Heritage Animal Hospital for vomiting on February 1, 2017. Her owner complained that she had not been able to hold any food down since January 31, 2017. Nala had a foreign body surgery last month here at the clinic. The owner informed our staff that Nala had a rash around her incision for roughly the past two weeks. The owner stated she does not believe her dog ingested anything. During the physical exam, Nala appeared quiet, alert, and responsive. The technician assessed the oral cavity and Nala had tacky mucous membranes and pink gums. The capillary refill time was quoted to be less than 2 seconds. The dental exam was clinically normal. The eyes were bright, clear,
Most animals are susceptible to the development of cancer at some stage of their life. Among all types of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is one of the skin cancer that commonly affects domestic animals. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer caused by neoplasms arising from the squamous epithelium of an animal regardless of species. However, this essay will only focus on this condition among felines since my chosen species is a white cat called Rosie. There are several forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among felines, which are known as solar keratosis and multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ, sometimes known as Bowen’s-like disease, but in this case, Rosie is diagnosed with
History- Owner says Bella has been acting unfriendly for about two weeks (e.g. wont let owner pet or hold her anymore, also she hides under the bed constantly) owner also says Bella’s appetite has gone very low, she used to feed her one cup of dry every morning and one half a can of wet food at night and now she wont eat ‘hardly any of either’. Owner has seen diarrhea in litter box for 3 days. Bella had her kitten shots and boosters but no Hx of fiv/felv testing, deforming, fecal or blood analysis.
Sherding, Robert G. The Cat Diseases and Clinical Management. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1. 1994. p 30-31, 233.
On ultrasound there is a live fetus in transverse presentation. Fetal biometry is symmetric and consistent with dates. A detailed anatomic survey was unremarkable, although the spine and 4-chamber heart were
The dog’s small intestine is split in to three parts. The first part is called the duodenum, in here chemical degradation of chime starts in here. It is caused by the enzymes which are secreted by the duodenum and the pancreas. Bile; which is produced by the dog’s liver and stored in to the gallbladder; helps to break down the fats and help to neutralise acid which was from the stomach. The second and third part of the small intestine for the dog is the jejunum and ileum. The jejunum and ileum surface area increase due to the plica circulares; this is circular folds; which carry villi. Each one of these villi’s has a capillary and a lymphatic capillary (lacteal), this absorbs the digested food through rich venous and capillary drainage of the gut. Whereas the horse’s small intestine are the major organ in their digestion system. They are 70 feet long and can hold up to 12 gallons. In their small intestine pancreatic enzymes help to digest their food. It will digest starches, digest sugars and carbohydrates. In there is also protease which help to emulsify proteins in to amino acids. The horse does not have a gallbladder like the dog does; this mean the bile constantly flows in to their small intestines. The bile helps to break down fats and to suspend the fats in the water. The food then which has be digested will be absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and carried through the blood stream to
Cats infected with the Feline Leukemia Virus are found worldwide, although the rates vary depending on age group and the general lifestyle of the cats. The virus is transmitted in a number of ways. It is commonly spread through body fluids, such as blood or saliva, or other bodily excrements. An infected cat eating or drinking with an uninfected cat could cause transmission, as well as an infected cat sharing a litter box with an uninfected cat. It can also be spread through grooming. Another common means of infection is a bite, especially in cats living primarily outside. The virus can also be spread in utero or through a kitten’s consumption of milk if the mother is infected. Feline Leukemia Virus is more common in kittens and young cats than in any other age group. A healthy cat that is in adulthood stand a much smaller chance of contracting the virus, especially if the cat has already been vaccination against ...
Owen, R. R., Physick-Sheard, P. W., Hilbert, B. J., Horney, F. D., and D. G. Butler. 1975. Jejuno- or ileocecal anastomosis performed in seven horses exhibiting colic. Can Vet J. 16(6): 164–169.
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The purpose of this report is to make a description of the digestive tracts of pigs and sheep and also to explain briefly the process of digestion on ruminant and non-ruminant organisms. Furthermore there will be an analysis of the results that have been observed on the dissection practical. The report will be finalizing with a comparison between the digestive tract of pig and sheep.
1. Who was Kitty Genovese and why is her death still discussed in criminal justice studies today? Catherine Genovese also known as Kitty was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 7, 1935. Her parents’ names were Vincent and Rachel Genovese.