1. The kidneys help filter the waste of the body. It processes one-third of the blood that runs throughout the entire body every minute. The kidneys are located in the muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. They are held in place by a layer of adipose tissue, the perirenal fat. Kidneys are bean-shaped with curves that allow other organs to accommodate. The internal curve allows a dedication of space to the renal artery, ureter, and renal vein. These three parts enter he kidney. The renal capsule is formed by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. This connective tissue surrounds each kidney to provide a rigid shell for protection. Within the renal capsule is the renal cortex. The renal cortex contains that renal pyramid and apexes. The renal pyramids are shaped as pyramids with the base of the pyramid facing outside of the kidney. The apexes are shaped as pyramids as well with the base of the pyramid facing the inside of the kidney. Each single apex is linked to a minor calyx. The minor calyx is a tube that gathers urine. The minor calyx merges with three other minor calyces to form three major calyces. These three major calyces come together to form the renal pelvis which is located in the center of the kidney.
2. The glomerular capillaries are part of the first step in urine formation. The glomerular capillaries allow blood plasma to excrete into the glomerular capsule. The blood plasma is the fluid that needs to be filtered.
The pertubular capillaries have different functions. The pertubular capillaries carry away water and solutes through the renal veins. They also help deliver the blood to the secretory sites. These substances are released from the plasma into the fluid.
3. The glomerulus capillaries are twisted and ha...
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...The individual releases urine without having the intention of voiding.
Urinary retention – Urinary retention is when the individual is not able to empty the bladder. The individual is not able to fully empty their bladder so there is extra urine.
Diabetes insipidus – The kidneys are not able to hold water even though they are able to filter blood. The hormone, ADH, is supposed to be in control of maintaining the water levels; however, with this disease, the water is not maintained within the kidney.
Polycystic kidneys – This is a disease where there are large amount of cysts that are developed within the kidneys. These cysts contain water-like fluid containing urine.
9. The bicarbonate buffer system is when the individual is experiencing acidosis. His or her blood pH is below 7.35. The carbonic acid donates protons to the bicarbonate acid which accepts protons.
The kidneys are located in the posterior section of the retroperitoneal cavity and are small, dark red kidney-bean shaped organs in the lower part of the rib cage (Marieb, The Urinary System, 2015). They are undervalued organs considering how essential they are for the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis. The kidneys filter about 120-150 quarts of blood to produce about 1-2 quarts of urine each day (NIH, 2014). Blood initially enters the kidneys through the renal artery. It then flows into the segmental artery before moving into the interlobar artery. From the interlobar artery the filtrate enters the arcuate artery before branching into the cortical radiate artery, which feeds into the afferent arteriole, before passing into the glomerulus where it begins to filter out waste. The filtered waste is then collected by renal tubule. The tubules drain to collecting ducts and all of these components together makes up a small unit called a nephron. Each kidney has over a million nephrons (Marieb, Blood Supply/ Nephrons, 2015). They filter out wastes that run through different body systems via blood; the majority of that waste is nitrogenous wastes, toxins, excess fluids, electrolytes, and drugs. These waste products are eliminated as urine. While waste are removed vital enzymes, hormones, and water are returned
Kidneys play an important role in the unary tract. They are located on each side of the spine, just below the ribcage. Each kidney is connected to the bladder by ureters. The kidneys have many functions, but the most common functions are to clean waste, control chemicals, and regulate fluid in the body which makes up the urine. Urine collects in the kidney before entering the ureters and as time passes more materials are added. When calcium and oxalate or phosphates are combined in the kidney tiny stones are formed called nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones. These stones can be very painful and “increases risks for diabetes, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis” (Goldfarb, 2009). About ten percent of all people will have kidney stones in their lifetime. Kidney stones are most frequently found in white men over the age of forty, relatives of kidney stone patients, and people who have formerly had kidney stones.
Diabetes mellitus, habitually referred to as diabetes is caused by a decline in insulin secretion by the cells of the pancreatic islet resulting into a surge in blood glucose concentration, a condition known as hyperglycemia. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder defined by the secretion of huge quantities of highly diluted urine, this is regardless if a reduction in fluid intake. This is as a result of a deficit of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) also known as vasopressin produced by the posterior pituitary gland. The disorder diabetes mellitus is associated by extreme reduction in weight, a higher urge for urination, also known as polyuria, higher levels of thirst (polydipsia) and an extreme craving to eat known as polyphagia. This disorder has been categorized as Type 1 or insulin dependent diabetes and Type 2 or non-insulin dependent diabetes another type is the Gestational diabetes. The Type 1 diabetes mellitus is portrayed by a deficiency of the insulin-secreting beta cells of the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas, this leads to a shortage of insulin. The principal cause for this deficiency of beta cells is a T-cell mediated autoimmune onslaught. In children, Type1 diabetes is known as juvenile diabetes. The Type 2 diabetes mellitus is as a result of insulin resistance or diminished insulin sensitivity coupled to a reduction in insulin production.
It occurs due to the overproduction of Escherichia coli and/or after kidney transplantation. The transplantation can lead to two different types diseases, chronic (long-lasting) or acute (sudden and limited). The kidney’s function are water/fluid balance, removing waste products from blood, and regulation of blood pressure via enzyme Renin. The infection is treatable via prescribed antibiotics. Lastly, pyelonephritis can be prevented by maintaining a positive healthy body. I would like to conclude that learning about pyelonephritis has made me have a different view on the importance of a fit
They arise in the interstitial spaces of organs and tissues and they then join with the large veins just before they enter the vena cava of the heart. These lymphatic vessels tend to run parallel with the veins which allows filtration to occur. The vessels are non- muscular and contain valves which stop the fluid from going back. (Hastie, 2012).
As for the kidney’s, they consist of a renal cortex with arcuate vessels surrounds the renal medulla of the kidney. The renal papilla at the end of the renal medulla connects to the renal pelvis. Finally, a ureter descends form the kidney to the urinary bladder in both the mink and human.
Opium, the first opioid, is derived from the sap of opium poppies, whose growth and cultivation dates back to the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia around 3400 BC. Egyptians and Persians initially used opium. Eventually spreading to various parts of Europe, India, China, and the Middle East. During the 18th century, physicians in the U.S. used opium as a therapeutic agent for multiple purposes, including relieving pain in cancer, spasms from tetanus, and pain attendant to menstruation and childbirth. It was merely towards the end of the 18th century that some physicians came to recognize the addictive quality of opium.
Acid-Base balance is the state of equilibrium between proton donors and proton acceptors in the buffering system of the blood that is maintained at approximately pH 7.35 to 7.45 under normal conditions in arterial blood. It is important to regulate chemical balance or homeostasis of body fluids. Acidity or alkalinity has to be regulated. An acid is a substance that lets out hydrogen ions in solution. Strong acid like hydrochloric acid release all or nearly all their hydrogen ions and weak acids like carbonic acid release some hydrogen ions.
Polycystic Kidney Disease, also known as PKD, is a common inherited gene disorder that causes the growth of cysts in the tissues of both the kidneys. The kidneys are a major organ in the excretory system; they remove wastes from the blood and form of urine. They filter the blood, keeping it clean of all wastes and have a number of other functions as well. Due to the growth of cysts on the kidneys it makes it hard to carry out these functions and the will eventually cause the kidneys to fail. This paper will discuss what PKD is, the many symptoms and treatments of PKD, and recent developments in research of this disease.
The kidneys are responsible for several necessary functions, which include maintain proper blood pressure levels, filtering toxins and wastes from the bloodstream, excreting the waste through urine, contribute to the production of red blood cells and producing a variety of essential enzymes and hormones. Approximately 30 percent of cats develop kidney disease during their lifetime; many of these cases will progress to kidney failure. When the kidneys fail to perform properly, the cat 's life is at risk.
All play a role in removing waste from your body. Your kidneys filter waste from your blood and regulate the concentrations of many substances. Tubes called ureters carry urine from your kidneys to the bladder, where it’s store until it exits your body through the urethra.
Kidney Function Introduction and definition of terms: The kidneys are the main organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products out of blood from the renal artery. These are then excreted. Useful solutes are reabsorbed into the blood. They also have a major homeostatic role in the body, and help to control the water content (osmoregulation) and pH of the blood.
...ure or fluid retention. The onset of action is slow, therefore diuretics are often used as an adjunct rather than on its own. [8&9] Acute renal failure and pulmonary oedema are associated with the use of this drug. [7]
Furthermore, they are involved in the reabsorption of nutrients in the bloodstream and they can regulate the acidity of the blood. Besides the regulation of the fluids and ions, the kidneys are also responsible for the regulation of many different hormones that are involved in homeostasis and metabolism. Because of their importance in the regulation of substances in the body, when the kidneys stop working properly all the body is influenced by that creating disequilibrium in the maintenance of homeostasis and control of all the metabolic functions which can indirectly cause other problems to the body.... ... middle of paper ... ...
“Donating blood is safe and easy, and takes less than an hour and one blood donation can help as many as three or four different people! In what other activity, can so little time do so much” ("Feel Prepared. Give Blood." ). Just think, if no one gave blood then how many people would still be living who really needed it? Despite all our medical advances, there is no good man-made substitute for human blood; this is why blood donations are so important. Some people strongly believe that donating blood is bad, but what people don’t know is that it actually has surprisingly good benefits like reducing the risk of cancer, burning calories, and even saving someone’s life, so everyone who has the opportunity to give