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the pathophysiology of kidney failure
flashcards on dialysis
renal failure question
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Recommended: the pathophysiology of kidney failure
Aspects of the Kidney
People spend hours going to dialysis, doctor offices, and making sure all medications are took. “Coping with kidney failure is not just about managing the physical symptoms with treatment. It’s a major life change that can cause a great deal of stress and can give rise to a range of emotional reactions.” Different people react in various ways. Theres a pattern to the way that most people react. Some examples of emotional reactions are depression, stress, anxiety, and sexual problems. People may feel miserable because they are having difficulty coming to terms with some of the changes their conditions are striking against them. All human beings find change stressful. As a person with kidney failure they will have to handle more change than most people. It’s not just the change of their lifestyle, but the ongoing change dealing with adjustments of their diets, medications, and forms of treatment. There are plenty of ways kidney failures people can deal with stress such as, talking to someone who understands, doing fun activities, relaxing, or even taking short breaks. “Specific anxieties that renal patients may have are worries about how the illness will affect their relationship, their ability to work, their quality of life, and about understanding their conditions or managing their treatment.” Reasons for sexual problems include hormonal problems, medication, tiredness, emotional factors, and relationship difficulties.When on dialysis you will need to choose foods that give you the right amount of protein, calories, and minerals. When eating that it will help you stay healthy and fit and it also help your kidney disease from getting worse. There are five stages of kidney disease; their doctor determines thei...
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...patient without help. Most common problems with peritoneal dialysis is peritonitis, a serious abdominal infection. This happens if the opening where the catheter enters the body and becomes infected or if contamination occurs as the catheter is attached or not attached from the bags. A peritoneal dialysis diet is a little different from an in center hemodialysis diet. People need to still limit salt and liquids, but may be able to have more of each compared with hemodialysis, must eat additional protein, may need to eat high-potassium foods, and may need to cut back on the number of calories they eat because there are calories in the dialysis fluids that may cause them to gain weight. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are treatments that help change the work the kidneys did. These treatments help them feel good and live longer, but they don't cure kidney failure.
The article has been well organized and written. Mackay clearly states her rationale for writing the article and provides a valid reason to hold up her article with sources. Within the introduction section, the authors present worrying statistics of Americans affected by kidney disorders. Moreover, the author provides the disadvantages of dialysis with only Kidney transplantation being the only option. The author relates the topic to the readers...
Characteristics of haemodialysis patients are described as they have greater survive when they had a higher serum creatinine concentration or higher BMI which stand for larger body size or greater muscle mass. An increase of dry weight with muscle mass gaining correlates to the greatest survival. On the other hand, weight loss with loss of muscle mass results the worst mortality. Additionally, gain in muscle mass with weight loss was advantaged on higher survival in comparison with loss of muscle mass with weight gain (Kalantar-Zadeh et al., 2010). Mortality risk is strongly associates to a low BMI in maintenance haemodialysis patients (Kovesdy & Kalantar-Zadeh, 2009).
In medicine dialysis is primarily used to provide an artificial support for the lost kidney function in people with renal failure.
Dialysis is a process by which excess waste and water is removed from the blood to maintain a balanced proportion of contents/nutrients. Dialysis is done by using different dialysis machines which are usually very costly and sensitive. The duty to maintain a constant proportion of contents in the blood is usually done by kidneys but when they are not functioning properly the procedure of dialysis used. Therefore it is a very important and beneficial process for people whose kidneys are not functioning properly or who cannot undergo a kidney transplant due to various reasons for example blood type or reactive immune system. The process of dialysis might look very simple but there is a lot more ethical complexity related to it that will be elaborated. (White & Fitzpatrick)
Quinan, P. (2007). Control and coping for individuals with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A position paper. CANNT Journal, 17(3), 77-84.
This article describes the choices for treatment: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. It gives the pros and cons of each. It also discusses diet and paying for treatment. It gives tips for working with your doctor, nurses, and others who make up your health care team. It provides a list of groups that offer information and services to kidney patients. It also lists magazines, books, and brochures that you can read for more information about treatment.
The human body has the ability to be modified to allow for dialysis to occur within the peritoneal cavity instead of the extracorporeal method used in hemodialysis. This cavity is located in the abdomen and is accessed via a tube called a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter. The ...
Kidney Function Introduction and definition of terms: The kidneys are the main organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products out of blood from the renal artery. These are then excreted. Useful solutes are reabsorbed into the blood. They also have a major homeostatic role in the body, and help to control the water content (osmoregulation) and pH of the blood.
“Polycystic Kidney Disease is a genetic disorder in which abnormal cysts develop and grow in the kidneys. Cystic disorders can express themselves at any point, infancy, childhood, or adulthood.”“PKD does not cause any signs or symptoms until cysts are half an inch or larger. Common symptoms are pain in the back and sides - between the ribs and hips - and headaches. The pain can be temporary or persistent, mild or severe. Hematuria - blood in the urine - may also be a sign of autosomal dominant PKD.”“Cysts grow in a person’s kidney, which can lead to kidney failure. A healthy kidney filters out toxins in the blood and eliminates them from the body in the form of urine. In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), there are at least
Urinary Tract Infection, also known as UTI, occurs in two common locations, the bladder and kidneys. The kidneys are important organs that aid in filtering out waste products from blood and maintaining water distribution throughout the body. The waste products are filtered out via bladder, which is the reason of the bladder being the second site for the infection. A normal human being has two kidneys, one on left and right side, a bean shaped organ, and is located at the back of the abdomen. “Each kidney is about 11.5 cm long, 5-7.5 cm broad, 5 cm thick, and weight about 150 grams” (HealthInfoNet, Paragraph 2). Furthermore, a bacterium named Escherichia coli lives in both the kidneys and the GI tract. E. coli is part of the human body and produces
Hemodialysis is the process of blood that is transported outside the body to a dialysis machine where it is cleaned of waste products and returned to the circulatory system. It is a lifetime requirement. As a result, of the repeated and life-long needle puncture of the involved blood vessels, thick scar tissue eventually develops which makes the procedure difficult and painful. To avoid this complication, a surgical procedure known as an arteriovenous fistula is performed. It produces a large vein that can be entered safely and easily with large needles for the three times a week procedure. New techniques are intended to improve the efficiency of dialysis and thereby increases life expectancy, as 20% of people with end-stage renal disease die annually. Peritoneal Dialysis. Peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal cavity. The tissue has the properties of a semi-permeable membrane, allowing the process of diffusion to take place in abdominal cavity. An incision is made through the anterior abdominal muscle wall; through this opening, a tube (catheter) is inserted into the abdominal space. Sterile dialysate (a solution to clear waste products) is introduced and allowed to remain in the cavity four to six hours or overnight. During this time, through the process of diffusion, impurities pass through the peritoneum into the dialysate. The dialysate and its collected impurities are then eliminated from the body. Kidney transplantation when possible, is the best alternative for end stage renal disease. Often, the body rejects the kidney and when this occurs the recipient must undergo a medication regimen to suppress the immune system. Relatives are recommended to donate their liver so that the body has a smaller chance to reject the kidney. I comparison with dialysis kidney transplantation has advantages that positively affect the person’s medical and vocational rehabilitation potential. The person with the
The University of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia has a Kidney Dialysis Machine which can serve the functions of a healthy kidney, for patients with kidney disease. Kidney disease occurs when the organs no longer function and waste products begin to build up within the body. This disease can lead to anemia, high blood pressure, and nerve damage. In the process of kidney dialysis, there are catheters which are connected to our veins through a vein graft which is attached to the tubes of the Dialysis Machine. In essence, blood is simply being pumped into the machine where waste products are filtered out, and then the ‘clean’ blood is pumped back into our body through a vein graft. There are ten possible candidates with chronic kidney disease who could potentially be granted access to the Kidney Dialysis Machine. There are only two time slots, so the candidates will be assessed according to condition and other factors as to who is allowed to use the machine. I believe that Steve should be one of the two patients who are granted access to the Kidney Dialysis Machine at University of Pennsylvania Hospital.
As part of the community clinical rotation students were required to attend one day at a dialysis clinic. The clinic that I had the opportunity to attend was the Regional Health Outpatient Dialysis Center. This visit allowed me to shadow a nurse to gain a better understanding of the dialysis process and also perform non-invasive skills, such as blood pressure and temperature readings. As part of the clinical assignment, the students were required to interview a dialysis patient to gain a better understanding on issues such as the patient’s quality of life, coping mechanisms, health maintenance, and support systems.
These wastes are derived from the liquid and food that the individual had consumed. In cases of compromised kidney function, the kidneys are no longer able to remove or filter wastes in the normal way. This means that wastes are left to accumulate in the bloodstream. When this scenario takes hold, it can negatively impact the patient 's electrolytes, therefore, positive action has to be taken to optimize the situation. When patients follow a renal diet it can help to slow down the advancement of total kidney failure, and ameliorate kidney function. Along with chloride and potassium, sodium represents one of the body 's main three electrolytes. The latter manipulate the fluids with enter and leave the body’s cells and tissues. Therefore, patients with renal disease must monitor their intake of electrolytes. Keeping a daily food dairy is essential (Nephcure), and will be of great benefit to the dietitian who can pinpoint certain details.
Studies have justified dialysis patients are likely to be depressed. According to Andrade, depression is characterized as one of the most assessed psychological aspects regarding studies on patients with renal failure. This paper will address the prevalence of depression among dialysis patients, the effects it has on quality of life, and finally the role of social worker intervention and management of depression in dialysis patients.