August 27, 1928, marks the date that which the Kellogg-Briand Pact was born. The Pact was signed and ratified by the 15 states- the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, the Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, and South Africa (Randall Lesaffer). The Pact, also called the Pact of Paris, for which the city it was signed in, agreed to abandon war. All signing nations also agreed to settle all disputes by peaceful means. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement attempting to eliminate war as an instrument of national policy (Encyclopedia Britannica). The Pact was named after its authors Frank Kellogg, Coolidge’s secretary of state and Kellogg’s French counterpart Aristide Briand (What was the significance of the Kellogg-Briand Pact). The American press almost didn’t recognize Briand’s message. His treaty proposal of June 20, 1927, went by the American Administration (Office of the Historians). On December 28, 1927, Kellogg answered Briand’s proposal with a counterproposal. The counterproposal enlarged the French initiative and invited all the major powers to commit themselves to ‘a declaration renouncing war as an instrument if national policy’ (Randall Lesaffer). The pact went into full swing on July 24, 1929. On that date the following countries signed the pact- Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Romania, the Soviet Union, the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Siam, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey. Eight other countries joined the pact after this ... ... middle of paper ... ... around the agreements terms, because the pact never fully explained what it meant by “self-defense”. The dominant powers, USA, France, Great Britain, etc., wanted to remain at peace. They didn’t acknowledge the conflicts and believed they would be solved in peaceful ways. Yet as more and more conflicts began to occur, tension between nations rose and eventually this started World War II. The treaty was the high point in the peace movement. After its ratification by the Senate as well as the ratification of other states, President Hoover announced that the treaty was now in force. He stated: "I dare predict that the influence of the Treaty for the Renunciation of War will be felt in a large proportion of all future international acts" (historycentral.com). In the end, the Kellogg-Briand Pact didn’t do much in preventing was or any other problems following.
Many delegates were opposed to this, however it happened anyway. The harsh conditions led to WWII, the very thing the treaty was supposed to prevent. As the world engaged in war, its economy plummeted and faced both short and long-term effects.
The Paris Peace conference had a total of twenty-seven countries with their highest representatives and aides who devise a peace settlement. For two months they had redrawn the map of Europe with political and economical arrangements. It took another six months for the leaders who defeated the Central Powers to decide which rules that would govern the postwar order. The Central Power leaders are also known as the Big Four who was: President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Premier Georges Clemenceau of France, and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy. After all the peace makers of the treaties was creating the fire for the Second World War in 1939.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war and it was signed on August 27, 1928. It was named after the American Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Briand, who drafted the pact. In the United States, the Senate approved the treaty overwhelmingly by a vote of 85 to 1. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was concluded outside the League of Nations and the Permanent Court of International Justice (Baughman 218).
In February, 1945, the United Sates, Britain, France, and Soviet concluded agreement: Yalta Agreement. In January 1945, the Soviet Union invaded Poland and the Soviet Union almost reached to the border of Germany. Thus, the main three countries of Allies: the United States, France, and Britain had a conference. As a result, they decided to concluded with the Soviet Union that dividing Germany, setting the border of Poland, processing of East Countries after the war. The purpose of the Yalta Agreement was for adjusting of interests after the World War II (Morton). Thus, the United States had expected that some political problems would be appeared before the World War II ended. Therefore, the United States used the atomic bombs to restrain the Soviet Union after the World War
The Treaty of Versailles is an example of how the neglect of principles proposed by the Catholic Church, namely social restoration, just accords, long-term security and physical reconstruction, can lead to lasting global repercussions and future wars. The sanctions were enforced in the hope of slowing German recovery and eliminating future conflict. However, the United States didn’t sign this treaty because we recognized that it didn’t give the Germans a fair deal or promote long-term security (Treaty).
World War I was the most destructive and deadly war for its time the world has ever experienced. There was a great amount of effort put into insuring that it would not happen again. At the Paris Peace Conference the ground work was laid for a new safer, and more organized Europe. In doing so it was necessary to instruct new laws, and to reestablish boundaries of countries. This meant that the losers of the war, mostly Germany, would have to suffer the most. The resulting laws agreed on by all the attending countries were known as The Treaty of Versailles. The treaty of Versailles failed to ensure permanent global peace because Germany resented the terms of the treaty. Feeling as if the treaty were unfair, Germany became increasingly set on
“Given these results, the Versailles treaty must be judged one of history’s greatest catastrophes”. The treaty of Versailles was one of the worst treaties or even agreement that the United States and their allies ever agreed to. The treaty of Versailles was the end result of WW1 between the Allies (England, France, Russia, United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire). WW1 was the first time in history that multiple nations all over the world fought against each other through alliances and because that caused major blood shed on a scale that was never seen before and is therefore called “The War to End All Wars”. The Allies eventually won the war on 11 November 1918 that was than preceded by the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June
The Treaty of Versailles, one of the most controversial international agreements(“D.1. The Treaty of Versailles."), had been negotiated between January and June of 1919 (History. Staff). Although it was negotiated between January and June, the Treaty of Versailles was officially signed on June 28, 1919 (Hashall) at Versailles, a suburb of Paris (Benson). This treaty involved Germany and all allies of World War I (Benson). The peace agreement was established to aid in the termination of World War I.
Originally the Soviet Union, which had been attacked by Germany the month before, was to sign the charter as well. But the notion of "one world," in which nations abandoned their traditional beliefs in and reliance upon military alliances and spheres of influence, did not appeal to Joseph Stalin, and, in fact, neither was Churchill particularly thrilled. Only Roosevelt, who had been a member of the Wilson administration, truly believed in the possibility of a world governed by democratic processes, with an international organization serving as an arbiter of disputes and protector of the peace.
...the provisions weren?t harsh enough.? Yet some might argue that, ? ..severe as the treaty seemed to be it should be remembered that Germany might easily have forced much more worse, if Clemenceau?s had his way.? However through all the excessive damaged Germans have caused throughout the WWI, to treaty is justifiable.
The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty created at the end of World War I, in hopes of establishing peace among nations. Although it sought after harmony, the United States’ Senate refused to ratify the treaty due to the distasteful idea of the United States’ involvement in the League of Nations, and Woodrow Wilson’s unwillingness to compromise with Henry Cabot Lodge’s revisions of The Treaty of Versailles.
The third phase was to have a peace treaty with Japan. In September of 1951, fifty-two nations met in San Francisco to discuss the treaty, and ultimately, forty-eight signed it. The notable holdouts were the USSR, Poland and Czechoslovakia, all of which disagreed to the promise to support the Republic of China and not do business with the People’s Republic of China that was forced on Japan by U.S. politicians.
The original signers of the treaty were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Greece and Turkey were admitted to the alliance in 1952, West Germany in 1955, and Spain in 1982. In 1990 the newly united Germany replaced West Germany as a NATO member. "In 1955 West Germany was accepted under complicated arrangement whereby Germany would not be allowed to manufacture nuclear and biological weapons." (www.encarta.com)
There were also secret agreements that were made but kept secret until the end of the war. It was said that the Soviet Union were to enter the war against Japan two to three months after the end of the war in Europe. This was necessary in order for The Soviet Union to regroup because of the heavy causalities in Europe. The Soviet Union had a great advantage in the secret agreement. It received much land and did not have to do much in the end for it because of the use of the atomic bomb which ended the war much earlier then expected and the Soviet Union did not even have to fight Japan.
It has been almost a century since the first Paris Peace Conference was hold, but even until now, it is a popular yet also controversial event in the history of the world. The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 involving more than 1,000 representatives from over 30 nations. The results of the Conference are five treaties regarding terms that, according to the Conference, shall prevent any upcoming conflicts among nations. Although World War II started only after 15 years, nonetheless, the treaties did function as a buffer between countries. Although many resolutions were discussed, the negotiation of the Conference revolves around four main topics, reparation from the previous war losses or limitations on the main Central Power, Germany, self-recognition, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the annexation of land.