HOUSEHOLD’S KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION (KAP) IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF LOS BAÑOS, PHILIPPINES
Thesis Proposal
BY:
MARTINA P. SUMADSAD
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study Solid wastes are any discarded or thrown out solid materials which may come from animal and human activities. Wastes can be classified based on contents, hazard potential or origin of waste. Classification based on contents pertains to inclusion of materials like plastic, paper, metal, glass and organic waste, while, hazard potential includes toxic, non-toxic, radioactive, flammable or could spread infection. On the other hand, origin of wastes refers to whether it is from industrial, domestic, construction, commercial or demolition (LeBlanc, 2016). Whether the wastes are classified through its contents, hazard potential or origin, a
…show more content…
Through the observation done in Los Baños, it has shown that as the population increases, so thus the generation of wastes in the Municipality (Rustia, 2001). In relation to what was said above, as of 1980 to 2001, the vicinity of Los Baños experienced smog due to burning of wastes; wastes are unorganized and mixed at the dumpsite; and wastes are dispersed on the streets, having that 33 – 35 tons of wastes are produced per day. Some of the major problems faced by the municipality with regards to addressing the solid waste management are urbanization, pollution of air and water, increase in the number of population and the absence of the community’s involvement & discipline. It was then stressed by Mayor Caesar P. Perez that, “Garbage problem is not sole responsibility of the government; the citizens must do their share on proper waste disposal” (Perez, 2006).
With this, the study will be conducted to answer the following
Furthermore within the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales)Regulations 2005 part 2 it defines waste as hazardous waste if it is “listed as a hazardous waste in the List of Wastes” the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales)Regulations 2005. So for example any hazardous waste which is produced in SEC laboratories would be listed in the” List of Wastes” the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales)Regulations 2005.
Since the industrial revolution the United States has experienced tremendous change. This change has created a consumer culture that has resulted in the creation of mass amounts of waste. According to reports, in the year 2003 Americans produced almost 500 million pounds waste. Alone the U.S consumes 30% of the world’s resources and produces 30% of all waste (Conquest, 2). These numbers attest to a consumer culture that has created an undesirable waste problem that is yet to be resolved. However, not everyone is affected proportionately by waste, as predominantly low-income communities live in close proximity to waste related sites. In this paper I will discuss how low-income communities are disproportionately subjected to the detrimental health effects caused by waste, and I will argue that low-income communities have historically and are currently responding to counter the effects of waste to protect their communities.
Solid waste is normally collected in a solid waste area equipped with compartments or containers for each type of waste.
Velazquez focuses on the unfair treatment of the poor community by large corporations. Because of this focus, she ignores the fact that in this distribution of waste-transfer stations, it can bring enormous economic values for this country’s development. Velazquez conveys that large corporations dump lots of waste and she has “personally never see a waste-transfer station on the upper East Side of Manhattan, or in the Hamptons” while almost forty percent of New York City’s waste-transfer stations are in her district (766). As a representative of her district, it is reasonable for Velazquez to be outraged by the waste-transfer stations’ distribution from her district’s residents’ points of view.
Outer islands have dumpsters that are used for trash generated by workers. Most outer island work is occasional and involves few individuals; therefore waste generation is minimal. Dumpsters from Illeginni, Legan and Carlos are replaced at least quarterly, and more frequently if barge transportation is available. Wastes are shipped to the Kwajalein Solid Waste Management Yard for segregation, incineration, and/or landfilling as needed. Dumpsters from Gagan are transported to Roi-Namur for disposal. When special projects take place on these or other outer islands, additional dumpsters and waste receptacles are delivered and used as needed. Wastes from construction projects are removed from the islands at the conclusion of the projects or during the project as needed. No wastes are disposed on these islands with the exception of green wastes which are left to decompose naturally.
Griffin, Rodman D. "Garbage Crisis." CQ Researcher, March 20, 1992: 241-264. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/ (accessed November 28, 2011).
We also witnessed a recycling area full of e-waste and various recycled materials. This waste was piled around homes; even children played around it. As we know this waste likely contained harsh metals and chemicals. It is possible that the inhabitants of this town aren’t aware of these dangers, yet they live among this waste that is dumped there from various companies. These living conditions are inhumane and hazardous to the health of these people.
As I stated in the beginning, Muniz took pictures of the catadores and had them sculpt their portraits with the garbage that they have picked. He then travels to London, bringing along one of the catadores, to auction off one of the portraits that was created. Tiao dos Santos, one of the catadores that traveled to London with Muniz, sat amazed and emotional as the portrait of himself, made of garbage, gets auctioned off for $50,000. He cries on Muniz’s shoulders as he expresses how he appreciated what he have done for them. Isis, one of the catadores states: “This work brought me realization.” This experience has not only changed their lives, but Vik Muniz also become changed. It has impacted their creativity, insight, purpose, spirituality, and life in general. The pickers have come up with plans outside of Gramacho. With the money from the auction, they buy a truck, equipment, and build a learning center and a library. “With the help of Tiao, the president of the pickers’ cooperative ACAMJG (the Association of Recycling Pickers of Jardim Gramacho), the city will pay out more than 1,700 pickers in a lump sum of about $7,500 each now that the landfill is closed. In addition, ACAMJG has picked up contracts to process recyclables at the World Cup 2014 and secured government contracts to work at new recycling plants opening in the city. In 2010, Brazil enacted its first federal waste management law that will fund recycling plants and legally recognize garbage pickers, including more than 8,000 members of the Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Reciclaveis (National Movement of Collectors of Recyclable Materials), where Tiao has become one of the leaders. (pbs.org). These few life changing events are some of the benefits of combining art and social practice. Combining the two engage the world and create social
Hazardous waste and its proper disposal have become a major sociological problem today due to its capability of contaminating the area in which we live and its potential to be lethal to all living things. In order for the United States and the rest of the world to save itself from a potentially life threatening problem they must fix the causes which lead to the improper disposal of hazardous wastes and like materials. Some reasons that hazardous waste has become a problem in the United States today is due to the breakdown in enforcing laws for the proper disposal of such wastes, a lack of initiative on big companies behalf to spend money on proper disposal, and the ease of disposing of such wastes illegally.
Hazardous material is any material that may cause hazard to human health or environment. Hazardous material can be solid, liquid or gas. There is 9 classes of hazardous material are known in the United Nation. The solid hazardous material can cause hazard to human by contacting or by dust form so the human will inhale it. The liquid hazardous material can cause hazard to human by flowing into draining system and waterways so it will affect the person by the drinking water and it will also affect the wildlife. There is 2 main ways that hazardous material can get in human body and cause harm, one of them is inhalation so it will damage the lungs and respiratory system, and also ingestion so the material will enter the body with the food or water and it will damage the digestive system.
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
Policy is needed to regulate which course of action should be taken and how it should be implemented. Because of this, many plans and policies revolving around the management of solid waste have been put in place. Sometimes however, a particular policy can have its shortfalls, potentially resulting in its negative aspects outweighing the positive ones. According to the Conference Board of Canada Report, “Canadians dispose of more municipal solid waste per capita than any other country” (2013). Solid waste management in particular, involves many aspects, ranging from packaging waste, food waste, etc. (White & Franke 1999), hence, the following analysis revolves around household and commercial waste – referred to as Municipal Solid Waste (White & Franke. 1999) – in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Municipal waste is a major health and environmental concern as it contributes to numerous problems like habitat destruction, surface groundwater pollution, and other forms of air, soil, and water contamination. Waste disposal methods like incineration create toxic substances, and landfills emit methane, which contributes to global warming. According to the Zero Waste Objective Report, “The impact of climate change and the increasing awareness of the role of “waste” and “wasting” in the production of greenhouse gas emissions is a constant environmental pressure… (2009). This leads to an increasing limitation of government to prevent and control the volume and toxicity of products in the waste stream and a growing need to shift responsibility to the product manufacturer.
The United States produces “about 8.25 billion tons of solid wastes each year” (Russell 1). People do not realize the impact they have on our planet and environment. When people throw anything in the trashcan, they are contributing to the destruction of our planet. The number landfills in the United States are decreasing, but the amount and volume of waste being thrown into the new landfills is increasing (Russell 4). Because of this escalating amount of garbage, Methane which contributes to global warming is an outcome of these landfills (Russell 7). As a result, our planet is suffering because of this epidemic. The garbage being put in the landfills could be recycled, but not enough businesses, ...
Efficient waste managing approaches help with reducing and avoiding unpleasant impact on the environment and human health, while allowing financial development and progress in the quality of people’s life. People do not even imagine what is the size and capacity of their activities and the impact they produce on the environment. Garbage is an important ecological problem. It is seems amazing that approximately all of the citizens of the world identify rubbish as a major environmental problem and yet these people still litter. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), an American produces 250 million tons of garbage per year (para.2). There are different circumstances that are based on the society, environmental conditions, occupation and size of each of the different family. As Richmond (2010) stated, if no administration organizations has the responsibility or resources to concentrate their efforts on the waste disposal, then the responsibility to do that is on ...
The solid wastes are produce not only by households; it’s contributed by hospitals and corporations. Hospitals throw away bandages, use needles and latex gloves, these items hospitals throw away daily all the time because they can’t be reuse for the safety of its patients. Corporations throw away a lot of waste as well such as papers that they use whether in writing or in projects. All of these leftovers after consumptions are waste that is produced by our daily actions.