The Küçük Menderes ("Little Meander") River is located south of İzmir, Turkey. It originates from north of Beydağ district at an elevation of 220 m, traverses westward approximately 114 km and arrives into the Aegean Sea at Pamucak beach near Selçuk, İzmir. It has a drainage area of 3617 km2 and an average discharge of 11,50 m3/sec.
The width of the river varies from 10 m on an individual channel to as much as 160 m in some reaches with multiple braided channels. Almost through its entire length, the river has one to four channels separated by islands and mid-channel bars under low flow conditions. These bars and islands become submerged during major floods. The pattern of channels changes frequently under flood conditions accompanied by extensive erosion of banks and disposition of sediment forming sand bars. Figure 1 presents the typical braided channels of the Küçük Menderes River.
Very large agricultural areas are located along the river and contribution of agricultural studies in the area is enormous for both region and national economy. However, agriculture areas located in the basin, especially those in river side, are affected from high rates of basin erosion, river bank erosion, channel migration, and sediment yield. The river line prolific agriculture lands are reducing daily, which has a negative impact on the rural economy of the state. For this reason, General State of Hydraulic Works is working on flood control and irrigation projects in the area. In this context, as a first stage, construction studies of Beydağ Dam on Küçük Menderes River were started in 1994 and completed in 2009. Upon completion of dam, which would control floods and provide irrigation water, restoration and bank protection studies are started on...
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...owth within the geonet and/or on the geotextiles, etc. can affect and may change the material properties. For this reason, the project area should be examined well and appropriate productions for specific zones should be made.
A number of activities occur between the manufacture of geonet composites and their final positioning. These activities involve packaging, storage at the manufacturing facility, shipment, storage at the site, acceptance and conformance testing and final placement at the facility. During all of these steps, care should be paid and rules should be followed because a hitch will both reduce performance and service life of the material.
Geonet composite material used in this project has obtained from Ankara, from Geoplas Plastic Ground Tech. and Chemical Ind. Trade Co. Ltd. Product specs specified in the tender document are listed below (Table 1).
Exploring the Channel Characteristics of the River Chess The aim of this investigation is to explore the channel
In today’s civil society, we are taught to show compassion and tolerance towards one other, yet the media portrays society in a different perspective, as being intolerant. In the book The Other Side of the River, writer Alex Kotlowitz reflects on the story of a young black male whose lifeless body was found in the St. Joseph river of Michigan. In this story, Kotlowitz reflects on two communities that are opposite from the other in regards to ethnic background and financial well-being, yet both appear to share the same lack of tolerance towards the other. There is a paragraph were Kotlowitz writes,
Hansen, Brett. “The Reversal of The Chicago River: Flushing the System.” Civil Engineering Dec. 2009: 40-43. Print/Database. 8 April, 2014.
The Egyptians honored the river for providing food for them by nourishing the land and making it fertile with its yearly flooding. The Nile also provided for quick transportation between Upper and Lower Egypt, allowing for Menes, the King of Upper Egypt, to unite the two and creating the first unified state. In the Indus River Valley civilization the river is also given honor as it can be reflected by one Indian name for “river”: lok-mata or “mother of the people.” The Indian people’s way of life was also defined by the monsoon, a seasonal wind. This shows the similarities in the civilizations areas that led to their early uprisings, common for all ancient civilizations, is a river to provide for food and water, so that they may become farmers and cultivate the land in a single settled area. Rivers and a water source were most important for these ancient civilizations as it can be seen, that gods were thought of to provide for them, leading to polytheism in these
In the beginning of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, there were several problems. There were several protestors and opinions about the dam before the Three Gorges Dam project was even started.1 China has had history of several dam failures in the mid-1970s that were responsible for thousands of deaths. The three gorges (Xiling, Wu, and Qutang) have scenery that is a tourist attraction.2 The dam was going to be a little over 600 feet tall, 7500 feet wide, and hold over 97 trillion gallons of water. Because of all of the population increase, China started using coal power plants1 and shipping, which causes acid rain over the region making the Yangtze River is one of the most polluted rivers in the world.4 It does not help that the Yangtze River runs right through Chinas industrial heartland. Using the river to transport their goods to other parts or China adds to the pollution.2 Pollution from mines, hospitals, and garbage dumping is another big problem for the river because the pollution is building up around the dam.1 With the Three Gorges Dam will come landslides because of the rising water tables and the large slopes with unstable soil from local farming causing more sediment being added to the river.3 And because the dam lies on a fault line there will also be an escalation of earthquakes. There is a huge decrease in sediment discharge; which caused a 90% sediment load into thousands of other reservoirs. Before the dam was operational, it was retaining water and sediments.4 The water levels were rising faster than anyone expected, therefore, the finish date had to be moved up.1 Scientists even projected that 70% of sediment discharge would be trapped for the first two decades and 44% would be store...
The short story Big Two-Hearted River, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a piece that has drawn much literary attention due to its complex utilization of detail in brief simple sentences. With these factors Hemingway’s Big Two-Hearted River is able to have an abundance of critical expositions throughout the story, which shows the passion that Hemingway possesses for concise sentences. Most of the criticism for Hemingway’s River comes from the grave themes alluding to the war and the catastrophic events that harmed Nick’s mental and spiritual state. This somber theme becomes evident throughout the text especially when Nick returns to his hometown. The sentence describing the town as “nothing but the rails and the burned-over country,” makes the many dark themes apparent and shows why critics focus on these dark themes of physical and mental devastation. Despite the numerous somber critiques throughout Hemingway’s text there is ultimately a positive sensation in this story as a broken man endeavors to heal himself by returning home to nature to find and do what he loves.
The Nile is the longest river in the world, cuts a swath of green and life through the bareness of the giant Sahara desert in northern Africa. It is almost 4160 miles long from its remotest head stream, the Lavironza river in Burundi, in central Africa to its delta on the Mediterranean sea north east of Egypt. The river flows northward and drain 1100100 square miles, about tenth the size of Africa, passing through ten African countries. It has many tributaries but there are two main ones: the White Nile fed by lake Victoria and the Blue Nile coming from Ethiopian mountains. These two main branches join near Khartoum, the capital of Sudan and they continue together as Nile proper until meeting the Mediterranean Sea and forming the Nile delta in northern Egypt.
A draft is a form of a social obligations that is just not an ordinary obligation, but it is a legal one. The government is behind it which means that the government has the right to draft you into war whether you agree with it or not. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien was trapped between the sword and the wall on the decision of going to war or escaping the draft by going to Canada. He had to choose whether or not to risk his life for the sake of his country and family. Throughout the chapter entitled “On the Rainy River” Tim O’Brien tells us the readers how hard was for him to make a decision of whether to go or not. Tim O’Brien puts us on his position by asking rhetorical questions such as “What would you do?” “Would
The role of relationship you have with other people often has direct influence on the individual choices and belief in the life. In the short story “on the rainy river”, the author Tim O’Brien inform us about his experiences and how his interacted with a single person had effected his life so could understand himself. It is hard for anyone to be dependent on just his believes and own personal experience, when there are so many people with different belief to influence you choices and have the right choices for you self. Occasionally taking experience and knowledge of other people to help you understand and build from them your own identity and choices in life.
which can be used as a river, and also attracts people as it can be
Composites do most of the things metals can do in a bike frame. Although, often the way you go about building with composites is different than if using metals. With composite construction a mold has to be built to form the required shape and then the fibers and resin are held in the mold to harden. With metal tubing construction, off the shelf tubes a...
In 1970, East Pakistan, about the size of Wisconsin, had a substantial population of 66 million, meaning that each square kilometer holds about 400 people (Disaster 174). It is located precisely where two large river systems, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, unite to form the biggest delta in the world, the Ganges River Delta. A delta is a triangular deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river, naturally where it diverges. The two rivers conduct silt from as far as the Himalayas to the floodplains of Bangladesh, which are about 1,200 miles apart. Being one of the world’s most fertile croplands, the floodplain is densely populated. Farmers are forced to move farther and farther out into the delta, triggering them to face the perilous monsoon season, which is from June to October. One third of East Pakistan is no more than twenty feet above sea level, maximizing the death toll of life-threatening storms (History 3). The a...
If the gradient is steep (like the example on the right) then this can indicate that the amount of rainfall becoming overland flow is very high, the result of this is that all the water reaches the river very quickly and all in a short period of time, this gives the immediate steep ascending limb on the hydrograph. Reasons for large amounts of rainfall becoming overland flow can be little vegetation and maybe impermeable rock below the surface. Being impermeable rock, the water cannot infiltrate through this and become ground water, instead it flows over the ground to the river. Urban development and agricultural practices contribute to overland flow.
When the Nile is overflowing, it floods the Delta and the lands called Libyan and Arabian, for a distance of a journey of two days from both banks in places, and sometimes, sometimes less. I could not learn anything about its nature, neither from the priests nor from anyone else. I was curious to learn why the Nile is flooding for a hundred days from the summer solstice; and when this time is passed, sinks again, and the river is low during the whole winter until the summer solstice again.
People in Bangladesh aren’t educated enough to build any appropriate flood protection and to maintain them. The problem concerning Bangladesh is that most of the land is only a few feed above water and very unstable. No amount of river control can change this. To alleviate the impact of flooding Bangladesh’s only choice has to be severe population controls to reduce the density of people on this land and also to encourage a movement away from the lowest lying areas. It is also believed that Bangladesh will each year run a three-times higher risk of suffering an exceptionally wet monsoon compared with the probability today, thus it is also expected that parts of Bangladesh face the risk of more frequent, major floods in the latter half of this century because of global warming.