Julio Cortazar's Axolotl Misidentified as Magical Realism Some people consider a book to be magical realism based on the author or the part of the world it was written in. Just because an author has written a book that is magical realism does not mean that all of the books that author writes will be magical realism. Though most magical realism stories are written by Latin American authors, a story is not necessarily magical realism if the author came from that region. Julio Cortazar is an Argentine writer who has published many short stories and novels. In 1956, he wrote a short story called "Axolotl". A careful reading of this work will reveal that it is not an example of magical realism. Like magical realism, this story has magical elements. One of the axolotls, which "are the larval stage...of a species of salamander", and the main character are the same being (11). The axolotls think like a human and also communicate telepathically with one another. The axolotls' eyes spoke a message to the boy, "their blind gaze, the diminutive gold disk without expression and nonetheless terribly shining, went through me like a message: 'Save us, save us'" (13). Realistic elements also exist in "Axolotl". The main character visits "the aquarium at the Jardin des Plantes", which is a zoo, to see the axolotls (11). The boy also talks about seeing lions and panthers. The same guard took the boy's ticket every day that he went to the aquarium. Throughout the story, the reader comes across several things that he or she will question. In the beginning of the story, a young boy goes to the aquarium to see the axolotls. He soon becomes obsessed with them and goes everyday to watch them. At the end when the main chara... ... middle of paper ... ...rms of literature, too. The hesitation in this story is a characteristic of fantastic literature, and the language is a characteristic of the sublime. This story may also be categorized as psychic or grotesque realism. Whether or not this is a work of magical realism or another form of literature, the final conclusion is up to the reader. Works Cited Arensberg, Mary. The American Sublime. Ed. Mary Arensberg, State University of New York Press, Albany, 1986. Cortazar, Julio. "Axolotl". A Hammock Beneath the Mangoes. Ed. Thomas Colchie, N.Y.: Plume Printing, 1991. 11-15. Delbaere-Garant, Jeannie. "Variations on Magical Realism". Magical Realism Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkison Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham" Duke U.P., 1995. 249-263. Rabkin, Eve S. The Fantastic in Literature. Princeton. N.J.: Princeton U.P., 1976. 8-19.
The controversy surrounding Magical Realism makes the classification of what is and what is not Magical Realism very difficult. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a famous Latin American author, has written many pieces of what is generally conceived to be Magical Realism. Marqez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" fulfills every characteristic of Magical Realism..
Twain’s young life was rather straightforward. His only formal education was a private school in Hannibal, which he grew great contempt for rather quickly. Then he spent his summers on his uncle’s farm, wh...
This story and many others were Twain's way of relating his ideas on slavery to the common man and children. By writing in a conversational style ...
Mark Twain’s “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” is a short story with the lesson that what goes around comes around. In this short story, which first appeared in 1856 and his first successful story, Twain uses local customs of the time, dialect, and examples of social status in his story to create a realistic view of the region in which the story takes place. The way that the characters behave is very distinctive. Dialect is also used to give the reader a convincing impression of the setting in “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”. The social status of the main characters in this story also was something that Twain took into account in writing this story. Mark Twain is a realist who concentrates on the customs, dialect, and social status of specific regions of the country.
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The Use of Force, written by William Carlos Williams is a story about a conflicted unnamed doctor using physical force to determine a diagnosis. The question that is brought up is whether or not the doctor’s use of force was one of ethical duty or infuriating violence. The doctor makes it his duty to save the patient, Mathilda as she does not cooperate he makes a choice to go on and use force to open her mouth to determine her diagnosis. The choice of using force isn’t necessarily the questionable part, the motive on using physical force is debatable. The ultimate question that the short story, the Use of Force asks is whether or not the doctor’s motives become one of dutiful compassion or desirable violence.
Stress, as defined as a reaction to a stimulus that breaks our physical and mental harmony, is ubiquitous. However, stress has two sides – the bad and the good, in which the latter is mostly overlooked as most people suffer from the affliction of the former.
Patients are forced to do what the doctor says because they are in fear of their illness and the help of someone specialized in the field will soothe them. The doctor in the story knows that there is an increasing number of cases of diphtheria, a fatal disease affecting young children and he also knows that if he does not get a diagnosis now then the girl will die in a, “bed of neglect”. It is because of this fear that the parents cooperate with the doctor and allow him to use brutal force to open the girl’s mouth. The doctor possess power over the patient already has. While the doctor is in a calm state the patient is usually gripped with fear. This fear puts the patient in a bad position because the doctor doesn’t need to worry since he doesn’t have the illness. If the doctor is ignored then the patient runs the risk of dying from a disease they could have prevented and that in itself is very powerful. The patient will blindly trust the doctor because of the slur of emotions and panic. However what will happen if all the power of the doctor was removed? Will the world be a better place? Personally I believe that there needs to be some form of authority that a doctor must possess in order for
Apartheid was a system of separation of the races both politically and socially in South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century. This system was said to be one of the last examples of institutionalized racism, and has been almost universally criticized. These Apartheid rules and restrictions were put in place by the National Party which had power over South Africa during this time period. The purpose of Apartheid legislation was to bring the Afrikaner ethnic group to a higher power in South Africa, and accomplished just that. The Afrikaner group was made up of descendants from Dutch colonists who settled in South Africa in order to make a refreshment station, a sort of rest stop, for the Dutch East India Company. The longer people stayed in Africa, the more they started to associate with it as their home. With the enslavement of many Africans, it is easy to see how these Afrikaners would associate themselves as above them and would feel entitled to power over them. This entitlement it how Apartheid rules were born.
Magical realism was first coined by Franz Roh when he was writing about paintings. Artaro Ulsar Pietri was the first to use the term when talking about literature. Magical realism is also related to other academic fields such as philosophy, psychology, mathmatics, physics, and theology. Im magical realism, "the writer confronts reality and tries to untangle it, to discover what is mysterious in things, in life, in human acts" (Leal 121). Viktor E. Frankl uses this concept in his book Man's Search For Meaning.
Even though many people recognize that stress can have an impact on their health, mood, work, family, and well-being, they don’t always take action. Learning techniques to reduce stress; becoming aware of the stressors and preventing them; and engaging in routine exercise can improve the toll stress takes on your body and mental health. With the appropriate support from peers, family members, friends, and coworkers managing stress can become easier with experience.
Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquez's novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Magical realism is the juxtaposition of realism with fantastic, mythic, and magical elements. A secondary trait was the characteristic attitude of narrators toward the subject matter: they frequently appeared to accept events contrary to the usual operating laws of the universe as natural, even unremarkable. Though the tellers of astonishing tales, they themselves expressed little or no surprise.
The South African apartheid was an injustice because it was developed to enforce prejudice and treat people unequally. The apartheid was a set of laws created in South Africa in 1948 after decades of racial segregation. Some people view the apartheid as capitalism that relied on South African labor. Other people see it as a way to legally enforce prejudice and white superiority on all South Africans. The apartheid increased the white minority’s economic and political power and was violently enforced by the government. It gave black South Africans little rights and poor living conditions. Ultimately the apartheid tore the country apart
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The hassles, deadlines, frustrations and demands of modern life have made stress so common that it has become a way of life for people. In small doses, stress can...