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European exploration and colonization
European exploration and colonization
British empire india
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During the height of the British Empire—a time of exploration, discovery and colonization—lower class citizens of Great Britain were suffering under the weight of upper-class oppression. Many of these farmers, braziers, blacksmiths and etcetera passed the long arduous hours of manual labor by daydreaming of freedom, adventure, excitement and most of all landownership in the New World. The class system of eighteenth century England was rigid and restrictive to upward mobility; whereas, the New World was rumored to be a place where a man of any stripe could establish himself. Amongst these tired and sweaty daydreamers, a handful of ambitious men were not content to simply dream. These few courageous young lads were willing to take the risks of sea travel to find out for themselves if the rumors were true. Thus, the men made their arrangements and braved the howling gales and icy waters of the North Atlantic in search of their destiny. Joseph Howse was amongst the men who chased their dreams through the rigorous demands of the inhospitable landscape of Prince Rupert’s Land. Howse may have shared their enthusiasm about what lay ahead in the New World, but he did not share their motives. It has been said that Europeans went over to the New World in search of God, Glory and Gold. For the most part, the two latter motives were what drew men to the wildernesses of unknown continents; but still, mixed within these desperate attempts to forage a better life or to discover extravagant riches, history has shown that some men aspired to nobler ends. Howse was a capable bookkeeper, inland trader and an avid explorer for the Hudson’s Bay Company, who is accredited with being the first company trader to cross the Continental Divide. ... ... middle of paper ... ... every oppressed young man in Britain. In Rupert’s Land, Howse found fame and fortune; he found a pass through the Rocky Mountains; he found a wife; he found an eloquent and sophisticated people; he found land and in many ways, he found himself. However, it is not what Howse found in the New World that made his life so noteworthy and impacting to both those around him and those who followed him; for, it was what Howse did not lose in the New World that is so striking—his purpose, his mission and his intent. The ability Howse showed for keeping his morality intact and his purpose at hand in a land laden with temptation, tough choices and even tougher people was extremely rare among colonists. Without that higher cause, Joseph Howse would just be another European who came over the New World for personal gain; and they are, as history has shown, far too common.
During the colonial era, the economic conditions of both the New World and Great Britain were taking more notice then the religious concerns of the colonies. This was why Britain wanted to solve further economic problems through the colonization of the New World. For instance, many of their earliest settlers migrated to the New World due...
The Infortunate is an autobiography by William Moraley, an indentured servant who ventured from England to the America colonies in 1729. The book first includes an introduction and some notes from Susan E. Kelpp and Billy G. Smith. During editor’s introduction, William Moraley’s stories were confirmed with actual history. Klepp and Smith also gave a brief summary of Moraley’s life, and compared his lower class experiences in England and the colonies, to that fabulous success of Benjamin Franklin.
Fichtelberg, J. (2004). The Colonial Stage: Risk and Promise in John Smith's Virginia. Early American Literature, 39(1), 11.
...onists fought for what they believed in: that a better life awaited them, or at least their children, in the wilderness of the New World. This is what kept them going, to contribute to a society that eventually gained its independence, flourished, and is now one of the most prosperous nations in the world. These English immigrants were not rich, nor were they destitute; they were average citizens of England, coming to the New World to shape a unique way of life for their family. Factors such as population, economics, disease, and climate not only impacted the colonists, but their actions resonate to this day as well. The seventeenth century is often known as the simplest of times in American history, but in reality, the effects of what these first colonists accomplished, by holding their ground against what must have seemed insurmountable odds, are astounding.
I am writing my first entry aboard this incredible vessel today, primarily because I have been spending the last three days exploring the sections open to my fellow third-class passengers and I. What I have seen is extraordinary, especially when first boarding the ship. The halls and staircases of the first class section were like nothing I had ever seen before in my life. They were blanketed in luxury from end to end. The first class passengers I had managed to see wore their best garments boarding the ship and were conversing with each other about their rich lives back home. I believe I even saw Mr. John Jacob Astor, a man I had heard much about for his contributions to the American fur trade. I had heard that he would be aboard for the maiden voyage of ...
During the early settlement of North America persons of varied backgrounds came to the New World. Both families and Individuals from Western Europe or the central coast of Western Africa made the arduous journey across the Atlantic. Some hoped to find easy riches or religious purity. While others were torn from their families to provide slave labor for a blossoming economy. The motives for uprooting and moving over the Atlantic are as broad and diverse as the colonies that took shape upon the arrival of these new settlers. Although there were fundamental and cultural differences between the early colonies it is important to note that these differences were to be put aside when they were faced with a common foe. The role of colonial newspapers and the sharing of information coupled with the role of the Crown’s taxation policies lead to an underlying connection between New England, the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies. These connections are what allowed the original 13 colonies to overcome their differences and unite to win the American Revolution.
In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. However, even after centuries later, little is truly known of the mysterious voyage and findings of the new world.1 By examining “Letter from Columbus to Luis Santangel”, one can further contextualize the events of Columbus' exploration of the New World. The letter uncovers Columbus' subtle hints of his true intentions and exposes his exaggerated tone that catered to his lavish demands with Spain. Likewise, The Columbian Voyage Map read in accordance with the letter helps the reader track Columbus' first, second, third, and fourth voyage to the New World carefully and conveniently. Thus, the letter and map's rarity and description render invaluable insight into Columbus' intentionality of the New World and its indigenous inhabitants.
An ocean route was sought to the countries that were believed to contain riches beyond European comprehension, thus avoiding having to pay hundreds of miscellaneous middlemen involved with trade, also making for a shorter journey. These motivations were accompanied by the desire to convert the heathen to Christianity, which had been declining since the rise of Islam. By uniting some of the Western Asian countries with Christianity, Europeans hoped to form a formidable team against the Turks and recover the valuable Holy Land (Morison, p.55).
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is a representation of the new prospect of upward mobility in colonial America during the 18th century and the development of the Age of Reason, which assisted in the conception of the idea of the “American Dream”; a dream that includes fundamentally social ideals such as democracy, equality, and material prosperity. Furthermore, Franklin’s autobiography exemplifies a significant shift in focus from religion to enlightenment and reason. Additionally, there were forces specific to Benjamin Franklin's Philadelphia, that played an important role in his perspectives and the changes that occurred within colonial America during the 18th century.
The new world is something of which much ink has been used to write about it. To make the topic far less broad than simply all of the religious aspects of each colony, it is necessary in this essay to state that the scope of this Essay will be limited to the colonies established in the new world by the puritans from England. This is not meant to reduce the topic but only keep it stream lined and manageable, after all there is so much to write on the topic that there must be limitations placed on what will and what will not, be included. This is largely due to the source material being Of Plymouth Plantation, which focused on the forming of a puritan colony in the new world and had very little to do with any of the other European Empires in any way at all. So, the question of religion versus economics will be l...
Throughout human history, religion has played a fundamental role in societal development, regardless of the culture. Christianity, in particular, has profoundly shaped the last two thousand years of history and continues to do so today. This holds true in the case of European development and exploration of the New World. As exploration in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries flourished, many countries set out to declare land on behalf of their country, and in an effort to bring honor to their God. When English settlers first developed colonies in New England, one of their goals was to share the word of God with the Native Americans they encountered. This drastically conflicted with the views of the Native Indians, and completely altered the development of North America. European religious views in early North American exploration set the tone for America’s development into a commodification driven society that exploited the environment as a means of economic potential.
"North America Review." Rev. of Uncle Tom's Cabin. North American Review [Boston] Oct. 1853: 467-93. Stephen Railton, 1998. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.
Exploration led to colonization and was carried out for many reasons but the main reasons include religion, status, economic purposes, resources and militarily tactical purposes. Much of early colonization was for trading of raw materials between continents and countries. Dominant religions sought to spread gospel and “civilize” the indigenous people by making them conform to Western beliefs and ways. Status and recognition was also pursued by country leaders w...
In “ A Description of New England ”, Smith starts by describing the pleasure and content that risking your life for getting your own piece of land brings to men. On the other hand, Bradford reminds us how harsh and difficult the trip to the New World was for the p...
Prior to the British Colonies declaring their independence from the British rule, the English colonization was more or less an extension of the “European’ nation to expand markets and trade. The British Empire in America was at first a small and weak society however, the civilization of the colonist had transformed into a “large complex society.” A very distinct society had developed in the colonies, they had begun to grow apart from the British Empire. The colonist had engaged in colonial self-rule: governed themselves. However, one contributing factor t...