This report examines the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreed upon on July 14, 2015 between Iran and the P5+1, which includes the U.S., U.K., France, China, Russia and Germany. The agreement fosters a temporary solution in which the P5+1 removed crippling economic sanctions in return for the cease of Iran’s nuclear development. Great powers recognize the threat that Iran poised to the universal vital interest of worldwide peace and established sustainable international relationships to maintain leverage over Iran. However, the JCPOA contains deficiencies that challenge long term restrictions and inhibit the enforcement of implications upon Iran for violations. First, the sunset clause, “Permits critical nuclear, arms, and ballistic
HSPD-5 is shortened for Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5. This directive states that the United States should be able to operate under a singular national incident management system. Its’ objectives ensure “… that all levels of government have the capability to work effeciently and effectively together…coordination with private and non-governmental sectors for adequete planning, equipment, training, and exercise activitites and to promote partnerships…the gathering of appropriate information and providing it to the public, the private sector, State and local authorities, Federal departments and agencies…” ( Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 2003).
The documentary Obama’s Deal narrated by Jim Gilmore highlights the 44th Presidents’ endurance as he fought against a great resistance in reforming healthcare. This bill was the most complex bill in modern times says Gilmore. The Affordable Care Act eventually deemed Obama Care was a signature issue and Obama spent most of his first term focusing on this specific reformation. For the first African American President, the pushback was astronomical, and excuses were abundant, but he needed to prove that Washington could solve bigger problems so he relentlessly pursued every avenue he could explore to push this bill in the direction of reformation.
The Entente Cordial was a group of agreements signed by France and the United Kingdom which began the alliance against Germany. The signing of the Entente Cordiale turned the economy of Germany into one designed for war.
In part one this essay proposes that an arms embargo is simple to initiate, primarily because it meets the demands for action in circumstances of conflict and violent repressions, and requires minimum political consensus among the UN member states. Nonetheless, the failures of many arms sanctions during the past two decades could either maintain or alter this situation. Furthermore, the second part of this essay will argue, with specific references to the EU’s sanctions against China and Syria that embargoes are not difficult to lift per se, but their removal ofte...
18 May 2006. . War Powers Resolution -. 15 May 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 May 2006. .
The New Jersey Plan was proposed during the Constitutional Convention in 1787, where the delegates from each state were creating their new government. One of the plans that were proposed at the Conventional Convention was the Virginia Plan. This plan was written by James Madison who grew up on a wealthy plantation in Virginia. The plan said that the government should be split into three branches to keep equal power throughout the government. Though it did say seem flawless, there was one factor that displeased the smaller state. It said that the government should use the proportional representation, which is when voting would be based off of how many delegates there were. This was a problem for smaller states because then those states would not have as much of the vote as the larger states.
Shiraev, Eric B., and Vladislav M. Zubok. International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
The key point in Posen’s paper is the failure of the U.S. to negotiate with Iran to stop their nuclear program. The next step that the U.S. should take is ensuring its security. Posen also stressed further risk of Iran’s nuclear program for the U.S. and analyze all risks based on the recent situation. Several of Posen concerns are the fact that nuclear weapons might be used by Non-state actors such as terrorists and the possibility that Iran will be inclined to use nuclear weapons to threat Israel or its neighboring countries. Nevertheless, Posen also gives an exp...
The Korean peninsula has gradually been attracting international attention because of North Korea’s refusal of access for International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspection of its nuclear facilities. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was signed on July 1, 1968 by USA, USSR and UK. Subsequently, the NPT was opened for signature by other countries and enacted on March 5, 1970. Till date, except India, Pakistan and Israel, all the other 189 member-countries of the UN have signed it. However, North Korea withdrew from the treaty on April 10, 2003. (Jayaprakash) After the collapse of USSR, independent post-Soviet countries started to abandon their nuclear weapon capabilities and decided to cooperate with the international nuclear disarma...
Chronologically the North Korean Nuclear Program stems from the early 1950s; however, the program has its deeper origin back in 1989 during the conclusion of the Cold-War era. The year 1989 marked the deterioration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) as the primary financial supporter of North Korea. The North Korean nuclear program can be simplified into approximately four different phases over time; moreover, the chronologies of these four main phases predominantly address the unresolved tension between the United States of America and North Korea. This timeline also involves the influences of the other participants of the Six-Party Talks (which comprises of and is not limited to China, Russia, South Korea, and Japan). From 1956 to 1980 phase one was first and foremost the preparation and gathering of scientific knowledge to advance nuclear measures. Then from 1980 to 1994 phase two dealt with the progression and subsequent disruption of North Korea’s national plutonium manufacturing program. The years 1994 to 2002, or phase three, are the overlapping periods of the nuclear freeze that halted domestic production of radioactive material for military purposes. Finally phase four (from early 2002 to current times) covers the present concerns for North Korea returning to nuclear programs.
Both stories, Response to Executive Order 9066 and "Mericans", establish a common American Identity theme. The main idea of these two stories is how people may or may not relate to their cultures. Both are narrated by teenage girls, and both establish a common theme that your appearance does not define you.
For the past several months the United Nations’ Security Council has debated on whether or not to accept the U.S. proposal to force Iraq to comply the new and former resolutions. The new resolution calls for complete disarmament of Iraq and the re-entrance of weapons inspectors into Iraq. If Iraq fails to comply, then military force would be taken in order to disarm Iraq. This proposal met opposition from council members Russia, China, and France. They thought that the U.S. proposal was too aggressive and that the U.S. should not act alone without U.N. approval. For weeks they refused to believe that the only way to make Iraq disarm is through the threat of force and the fear of being wiped out.
Since its origin in 1948, North Korea has been isolated and heavily armed, with hostile relations with South Korea and Western countries. It has developed a capability to produce short- and medium-range missiles, chemical weapons, and possibly biological and nuclear weapons. In December 2002, Pyongyang lifted the freeze on its plutonium-based nuclear weapons program and expelled IAEA inspectors who had been monitoring the freeze under the Agreed Framework of October 1994. As the Bush administration was arguing its case at the United Nations for disarming Iraq, the world has been hit with alarming news of a more menacing threat: North Korea has an advanced nuclear weapons program that, U.S. officials believe, has already produced one or two nuclear bombs. As the most recent standoff with North Korea over nuclear missile-testing approaches the decompression point, the United States needs to own up to a central truth: The region of Northeast Asia will never be fully secure until the communist dictatorship of North Korea passes from the scene. After threatening to test a new, long-range missile, Pyongyang says it is willing to negotiate with "the hostile nations" opposing it. But whether the North will actually forgo its test launch is anyone's guess. North Korea first became embroiled with nuclear politics during the Korean War. Although nuclear weapons were never used in Korea, American political leaders and military commanders threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the Korean War on terms favorable to the United States. In 1958, the United States deployed nuclear weapons to South Korea for the first time, and the weapons remained there until President George Bush ordered their withdrawal in 1991. North Korean government stateme...
Mingst, K. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 70-1). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company
Gupta, S. (2008). The Doctrine of pre-emptive strike: Application and implications during the Administration of President George W. Bush. International Political Science Review. 29(2), p.181-196.