John Wyclif Writer and "reformer", b. probably at Hipswell near Richmond, in Yorkshire, 1324; d. at Lutterworth, Leicestershire, 31 Dec., 1384. His family is said to have come from Wycliffe, on the Tees, in the same county. The traditional date of his birth is given as 1324, but some authorities put it earlier. Hardly anything is known of his early life, and his career at Oxford is obscured by the presence of at least one man of the same name and probably of more. It is certain, however, that he was educated at Balliol College and that in 1361 he must have resigned the mastership on receiving the living of Fillingham. This he exchanged a few years later for that of Ludgershall. It must not be supposed, however, that he gave up his university career, for livings were often given to learned men to enable them to continue their studies or their teaching. Wyclif himself, for instance, received a two years' license for non- residence, in 1368, on account of his studies. Meanwhile, in 1365, a man of his name, and usually identified with the future "reformer", had been appointed warden of the new Canterbury Hall by Simon Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, only to be turned out two years later in favor of a monk by the new archbishop. The dispossessed warden with the fellows, appealed to Rome, but failed in their appeal. A number of Wyclif's recent biographers have sought to identify this warden with another ecclesiastic, a friend of Islip's and probably a fellow of Merton; but it seems dangerous, in spite of much plausibility in this new identification, to reject the direct statements of contemporary writers, controversialists though they be, and possibly of a reference in one of Wyclif's own writings. Soon after these events, pro... ... middle of paper ... ... besides Wyclif's own works, is the Chronicon Anglioe, ed. (1874) by MAUNDE THOMPSON, and the Fasciculi Zizaniorum, ed. by SHIRLEY in R. S. See also LECHLER, Johann von Wiclif (Leipzig, 1873; tr. London, 1878); SHIRLEY, Preface to Fasciculi Zizaniorum; MATTHEW, Preface to English Works (the last two are valuable); POOLE, Wycliffe and Movements for Reform (London, 1889), still useful as it connects Wyclif with the continental movements of the time; The Cambridge History of Eng. Lit., II, which contains an excellent chapter on the subject by WHITNEY. Of Catholic works the most considerable is STEVENSON, The Truth about John Wyclif. A more moderate treatment of Wyclif is given by BELLESHEIM, WETZER, AND WELTE in Kirchenlexikon, s.v. Wiclif; see also, especially for the subsequent development of the movement, GAIRDNER, Lollardy and the Reformation, I-II (London, 1906).
MacCulloch’s view as a post-revisionist offers a unique and distinctive view into the subject of the English Reformation under Edward VI’s reign. He succeeds in developing his idea that the Reformation was distinct during Edward VI reign by explaining and arguing with other historians opinions in great detail and has set a new path for further thinking and research on the Edwardian Reformation.
Religious reformations. In (2009). N. Key & R. Bucholz (Eds.), Sources and Debates in English History (2 ed., ch. 3). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
In Livre des Persecutions des Crestens, Paris there is a wood carving that depicts Satan's influence on reformers of the Catholic Church ( document 5). The carving represents society's view on both reformers and the church's response to the reformers. Society was all of the community of people with the same customs laws and organization and they were not in favor of change. We also discover society’s discontentment with the church in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (Document 3). The Canterbury Tales, written in 1388, describe the pardoner using negative connotation and possessing bad morals. We are told that the partner puts on a show for the assembly at mass in order to encourage them to pay indulgences: “To win some silver, as he right well could;/ The loude and the merrier he would sing” (Document 3). Chaucer’s views and description of the pardoner was true because he was a part of the general population meaning he was a common man. The significance of him being a common man means that the other common had similar view points to his. He used real life to create his social satire of a book. The indulgences in the church were viewed in many different ways. Before the Reformation the sale of indulgences granted partial salvation and remission of sins in purgatory
John Smith was born in either 1579 or 1580 in Lincolnshire, England. This was so far back in time that it makes it hard for historians to be able to retrieve medical documents for people. After Smith had been a merchant’s apprentice, he had decided he wanted to live in combat, and he joined the English Army overseas. Smith had proved to be highly successful in the army and he joined in on a campaign against Henry IV, he also went against the Turks in Hungary. When Smith was in Hungary he was captured and enslaved. He was sent to serve a kindhearted mistress who didn’t want Smith as her slave, so she sent him to her brother’s, where he was forced to do farm work. He later killed the farmer who was holding him captive as a slave and made he made his way back to England.
At Oxford Wycliffe was known for being an English theologian, philosopher, church reformer, and promoter of the first complete translation of the Bible into English (Wycliffe). He was not able to get his doctorate of theologian until 1372 because of periodic eruptions of the Black Death (Wycliffe). He because the most recognized theologian in all of Europe. Oxford was later blamed for Wycliffe’s actions (History). In 1374 he finally received the Crown of rectory of Lutherworth, with which his name is forever connected. There he lived continuously after his expulsion from Oxford in 1382, there he wrote his later works and collected his friends and missionaries (Trevelyan, 170). Throughout his lifetime, five papal edicts were issued for his arrest. Since England was distancing itself fr...
This essay will use primary history documents to tell you about the life and works of Martin Luther in the Protestant Reformation. It will tell you about the main causes that made Luther start the Reformation.
During the reign of King Richard II "England was experiencing her first serious outbreak of heresy for nearly a millennium." This widespread heresy, known as Lollardy, held the reformation of the Catholic Church as its main motivation, and was based upon the ideas of John Wyclif, an Oxford scholar. "All kinds of men, not only in London but in widely-separated regions of the country, seized the opportunity to voice criticisms both constructive and destructive of the present state of the Church." While commoners protested and pressed for reform, going so far as to present their manifesto, the "Twelve Conclusions," to Parliament, members of the royal household were protecting John Wyclif and his ideas, John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III, and Joan of Kent, the widowed Princess of Wales, "by whose influence he was protected from ultimate disgrace (such as excommunication)," were Wyclif's supporters and protectors.
Ziegenhals, Gretchen E The Christian Century; July 19, 1989; 106, 22; ProQuest Direct Complete pg.693
“The painter paints his pictures with paint, and I do it with photographs.”- John Heartfield, 1967
Ingram (London, 1823), with additional readings from the translation of Dr. J.A. Giles (London, 1847). Online: http://omacl.org/Anglo/
Many bishops and abbots (especially in countries where they were also territorial princes) bore themselves as secular rulers rather than as servants of the Church. Many members of cathedral chapters and other beneficed ecclesiastics were chiefly concerned with their income and how to increase it, especially by uniting several prebends (even episcopal sees) in the hands of one person, who thus enjoyed a larger income and greater power. Luxury prevailed widely among the higher clergy, while the lower clergy were often oppressed. The scientific and ascetic training of the clergy left much to be desired, the moral standard of many being very low, and the practice of celibacy not everywhere observed. Not less serious was the condition of many monasteries of men, and even of women (which were often homes for the unmarried daughte...
John Calvin John Calvin was the founder of the Calvinist faith, the Presbyterian denomination of Christianity today. Calvin was born and died in 1564. John Calvin was one of the chief leaders of the Protestant Reformation. From his early life and start in Protestantism, to his life in Geneva, and the Proclamation of his faith, Calvin was an incredible individual. Calvin was born in Noyon, France, near Compiegne.
John Calvin was a major Contributor as a reformer in Geneva. The Protestants were scattered heavily throughout Europe, and were considered leaders of the Reformation. Calvin’s work in the writing of the Institutes would arouse many throughout Europe and give the Protestants the opportunity to present their faith and views as a church and enabled them to have a voice in Calvin, who was respected for his religious views and the publishing of the institutes. Calvin did not fear the
This essay will review the details that caused this well-known theologian, reformer and biblical scholar to leave the Catholic faith and turn to the Christian faith. This essay will also detail that John Calvin helped shape and positively impact the Protestant Reformation because of his significant ideas and guidance that helped reform the church.
Bainvel, Jean. The New Catholic Encyclopedia. New York City: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15006b.htm (accessed September 23, 2011).