John Newton: From Seafaring to Divinity

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NEWTON, JOHN (1725–1807), divine and friend of the poet Cowper, born in London on 24 July 1725 (O.S.), was son of a commander in the merchant service engaged in the Mediterranean trade. His mother, who gave him some religious training, died of consumption 11 July 1732. Thereupon his father married again, and the child was sent to school at Stratford, Essex, where he learned some Latin. When he was eleven (1736) he went to sea with his father, and made six voyages with him before 1742. In that year the elder Newton retired from the service, and subsequently becoming governor of York Fort, under the Hudson's Bay Company, was drowned there in 1751. Meanwhile the son, after returning from a voyage to Venice about 1743, was impressed on board H.M.S. …show more content…

Shortly after his settlement there, Whitefield, whom he had already met in London, arrived in Liverpool. Newton became his enthusiastic disciple, and gained the nickname of ‘young Whitefield.’ At a later period Wesley visited the town, and Newton laid the foundation of a lasting friendship with him; while he obtained introductions to Grimshaw at Haworth, Venn at Huddersfield, Berridge at Everton, and Romaine in London. Still eagerly pursuing his studies, he taught himself Greek, and gained some knowledge of Hebrew and Syriac. He soon resolved to undertake some ministerial work; but he was undecided whether to become an independent minister or a clergyman of the church of England. In December 1758 he applied for holy orders to the Archbishop of York, on a title in Yorkshire, but received through the archbishop's secretary ‘the softest refusal imaginable.’ In 1760 he was for three months in charge of an independent congregation at Warwick. In 1763 he was brought by Dr. Haweis, rector of Aldwinkle, to the notice of Lord Dartmouth, the young evangelical nobleman; and on 29 April 1764 was ordained deacon, and on 17 June priest. His earliest charge was the curacy of Olney, Buckinghamshire, in Lord Dartmouth's patronage. In the same year he published an account of his life at sea and of his religious experiences, called ‘The Authentic Narrative.’ It reached a second …show more content…

‘An Authentic Narrative of some … Particulars in the Life of … John Newton,’ 1st ed. 1764; 2nd ed. 1764; 3rd ed. 1765; other editions 1775, 1780, 1792. 2. ‘Omicron: Twenty-six Letters on Religious Subjects,’ 1st ed. 1774; 2nd ed. 1775. 3. ‘Omicron … to which are added fourteen Letters … formerly published under the signature of Vigil; and three fugitive Pieces in verse,’ 1785; other editions 1793, 1798. 4. ‘Olney Hymns,’ 1st ed. 1779; 2nd ed. 1781; 3rd ed. 1783; 4th ed. 1787; other editions 1792, 1795, 1797, &c. 5. ‘Cardiphonia, or the Utterance of the Heart,’ 1st ed. 1781; frequently reprinted. Other works: 6. ‘Discourses … intended for the Pulpit,’ 1760. 7. ‘Sermons, preached in the Parish Church of Olney,’ 1767. 8. ‘A Review of Ecclesiastical History,’ 1770. 9. ‘Messiah: Fifty … Discourses on the … Scriptural Passages … of the … Oratorio of Handel,’ 1786. 10. ‘Apologia: Four Letters to a Minister of an Independent Church,’ 1789. 11. ‘The Christian Correspondent: Letters to Captain Clunie from the Year 1761 to 1770,’ 1790. 12. ‘Letters to a Wife,’ 1793. Posthumous works: 13. ‘The Works of Rev. John Newton,’ 6 vols. 1808; new ed. 12 vols. 1821. 14. ‘The Works of Rev. John Newton,’ 1 vol., with ‘Memoir,’ by R. Cecil, 1827. 15. ‘One Hundred and Twenty Letters to Rev. W. Bull from 1703 to 1805,’

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