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John Maynard Keynes
John Maynard Keynes was born in 1883 which means he lived around the same time period as the seven creative individuals which Howard Gardner chose to focus on in his book Creating Minds. I chose to look at the life of Maynard Keynes because it is such a fascinating and diverse one. While entailing some of the same features found in the lives of those Gardner focused on, Maynard's life includes a lot of differences and adds some interesting twists as well. It can only be beneficial and interesting to see how this creative individual fits into Gardner's model. Keynes was one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century, and one of only a handful of social scientists who, through their writings, have significantly affected the course of history. His influence on economics was so great that the boom the Western industrial countries experienced between 1945 and 1975 has been termed the "Age of Keynes." When beginning to see how Keynes came to have such an impact and how he fits into Gardner's model, we must first introduce a little bit of his background and his life. The fifty or so years before the writing of The General Theory, which is perhaps Keynes most revolutionary book, plays a large role in how this work came about.
John Maynard Keynes was born in Cambridge, the oldest son of John Neville Keynes and Florance Ada Keynes. The lineage of these two people is very impressive, as are the people themselves. At the time of his son's birth, John Neville Keynes was a lecturer of political economy at Cambridge and eventually went on to become the university's chief administrative official. Florance Ada was a graduate of Newnham college in Cambridge and a pioneer of social work for the city. She...
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... to maintaining high levels of employment. It was published at a time conducive to economic change, the inter-war period, when economic theory was in need of reform. Following its publication he became the most influential figure in British economic policy having a whole era bere his name for eternity.
From his secure middle class family and his elite education at Eaton and Cambridge, to his close friendship with the Bloomsbury circle, Keynes had confidence to depart from the normal to develop his full creative ability and change the way economists think. His heritage gave him a strong sense of responsibility which explains his dedication to matters of statsmanship. He became interested in perserving traditions of social life which sustained freedom of belief, of action, of individuality; he became a creative genius.
Today, we are all Keynsians - Richard Nixon
Peggy McIntosh wrote this article to identify how her white privilege effects her life. Each statement is written as a privilege that Ms. McIntosh does not need to consider or fear as a white woman. From financial credibility to national heritage, this article makes a valid point regarding the way white people can be arrogant and naïve when the same treatment is not being given to their neighbors, coworkers, and peers. There can be two responses when reading this. The first would be a person of color. They will appreciate the attempt at realization of what white people take for granted. The second would be the reality that smacks the white people in the face when they realize how true all 50 statements are. Once this begins to sink in, many will start to broaden their competence realizing the unfair treatment of the people in this world. Moving down the timeline, we can see how the acknowledgement can mend broken relationships. Owning the reality and doing something to change it can give the people of different races the treatment they deserve (McIntosh,
6. Alan S. Blinder. "Keynesian Economics." The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved May 28, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/KeynesianEconomics.html
Keynes’ work: The Means to Prosperity, and The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money created modern macroeconomics and influenced countries during the 1930s and 1940s towards interventionist policy and economic nationalism (Yergin, 1998.) His ideology and work led him to orchestrate the Bretton Woods conference in 1944 which, “contributed greatly to the golden age of controlled capitalism (where) even the most conservative political parties in Europe and the United States embraced some version of state interventionism” (Steger, 2003.) The Bretton Woods regime fell during the early 1970’s but Keynes economic ideology would not be abandoned until the adoption of Reagan’s Neoliberalism and the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s (Steger, 2003.) Keynesian economic ideology was the predominating economic theory during Gilpin’s life and would contribute greatly to his claim of world economic nationalism.
Adam Smith was one of the first economists of modern times. By modern time I mean post 1700’s and post mercantilism. This particular period in time is commonly referred to as the Age of Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers felt that change dictated by reason was essential for humanities’ continuation. Smith, of Scottish origin is best know for his book The Wealth of Nations in which he wrote his most famous theory of the Invisible Hand and not only educated but delighted ...
Prior to beginning my readings on white racial identity, I did not pay much attention to my white race. If someone had asked me to describe my appearance I would have said short blond hair, blue eyes, average stature, etc. One of the last things I would have noted was the color of my skin. Growing up in overwhelmingly white communities, I never thought to use the color of my skin to differentiate myself from others. Over the course of this dialogue I have learned that my white racial identity is one of the most defining aspects of my appearance in this society. There is a certain level of privilege that I am afforded based solely on the color of my skin. According to Peggy McIntosh, “White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, assurances, tools, maps, guides, codebooks, passports, visas, clothes, compass, emergency gear, and blank checks” (71). All these objects listed by McIntosh are things I have access to and certainly take for granted. Due to a history of non-white racial oppression, which transformed into decades of racial discrimination that still lingers today, the white race has dominated our society in terms of resources and prosperity. The ideas of wealth, higher-level education and ambition to succeed are all traits commonly linked to people of the white race that collectively define privilege. The aspect of privilege can also produce disadvantages for people of the white race as well. In the book Promoting Diversity and Justice, the author D. Goodman notes that people of advantage groups develop a sense of superiority, which will sometimes lead them to wonder if, “their achievements were based on privilege or merit” (107). Along with a diminished sense of accomplishment, the cost ...
Let’s get started with Adam Smith and his second coming. Adam smith was one of the greatest economics minds that have ever existed, teaching us that our wealth is not just in gold and silver but in the products that we produce and commerce we engage in! Much like today we can understand the idea of Gross National Product and how we can better adjust our habits and ourselves. Smith unlike most economists of that age understood the value in hard work and social aspect behind our decisions.
The paradox of privilege, one can essentially describe this as a gift being bestowed on someone just for being (or perceived as being) white. Wise explains that if one were to be end to take any perks that make our lives easier for granted to the point that we don’t even know they’re there. Even when a person(s) is completely unaware that he/she is privileged it isn’t keenly felt in the way the areas where we lack privilege are. This usually leads to why it is possible to be privileged without feeling...
John Maynard Keynes, British economist, journalist, was born on June 5th 1883, in Cambridge, England. His father, Dr. John Neville Keynes, was an economist and a philosopher. Keynes attended Eton and then Cambridge University. At first he studied Mathematics but then turned his attention to Economics when he was offered the job at the British treasurer after the First World War when the British economy was at pressure. A man who gained a modicum amount of wealth during 1919 to 1938, married to Lydia Lopokova in 1926 and passed away in April 21st, 1946. Keynes believed that price level has to be stabled in order to have a stabled economy, and that is only possible if interest rates go down when prices rise. He also believed that the market forces alone will not deliver full employment but boosting government spending (main force of the economy in Keynes theory) will aim in his theory full employment or close to that. He believes by Governments intervening and spending will finally stop recession, unemployment and most importantly depression. For spending will increase the aggregate demand of the economy.
John Proctor preserved his dignity as he refused to write down his name admitting he is a witch and not telling Danforth their were other witches. Danforth demanded John Proctor to admit he’s working with the devil in order to free Elizabeth and himself. In the end John states, “I speak my own sins; I cannot judge another” (...
There have been enormous efforts to spread democracy as a political system throughout the world by the developed democratic countries and the international development organizations including the World Bank. By the late 1990s the United States alone spent over a half billion dollars to promote democratic expansion throughout the world (Diamond, 2003). These were done considering that the democratic system leads towards development. As a result in the late 20th century we saw a huge political transformation towards democracy. During the last few decades a huge number of countries adopted democracy as their political system. However, it retain a big question how far democracy is successful in bringing development of a country? At this stage, some people also criticizes the effort of democratization arguing that it is done without considering the context of a country, sometimes democracy is not ideal for all countries and it is an effort to extinct diversity of political system. In studying the literature regarding the debate, we found a paradoxical relationship between democracy and development. Some argue that democracy has failed to ensure expected outcomes in terms of development. While others confronted that democracy has a considerable impact on development. Another group of people argue that form of political system actually does not have any impact on development process. On the verge of these debates, some development institutions and academics throw light on why democracy is not working properly, and what measure should be taken to make it more successful in bringing effective development of developing countries. Consequently, this writing is an effort of revisiting the different views about impact of democra...
The theory of economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine, an apparatus of the mind, a technique for thinking, which helps the possessor to draw correct conclusions. The ideas of economists and politicians, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist." (John Maynard Keynes, the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money p 383)
When teens are faced with these issues, they cope in different ways. When young adults and teens cope with social and emotional issues in families, it is shown in many ways. First of all, families usually have social issues. An example can be when a family has bad communication and they are fighting. Fighting with family members would be a social issue as well because it is the way they communicate together. A few ways that young adults cope with social issues includes fighting with others, staying quiet, and violence. Next, families can have emotional issues too. Some emotional issues can be caused because of social issues. For example, if a family is ignoring one child, that child could feel unimportant. The was that young adult cope with emotional issues are similar to the ways they cope with social issues. Thirdly, in the book Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson, ...
...llow the “invisible hand” to guide everyone in their economic endeavors, create the greatest good for the greatest number of people, and generate economic growth. Smith also delved into the dynamics of the labor market, wealth accumulation, and productivity growth. His work was later discovered to be precise, after the Great depression took place allowing the governments interference by reducing taxes and increasing governments spending.
What is trust? Is trust essential for the way we live our everyday life? Trust is a quality or condition of being trustworthy; loyal; reliable. I think trust is an essential way of life because you cannot make a relationship, friendship, a business, or an organization if there is no foundation. Part of that foundation is trust and loyalty because you should be able to depend, rely, and trust others that they will do exactly what is right for them and you. Trust can be broken so quick, it is scary, because once trust is broken it is a lot harder to gain back then when you first gained trust in someone. This relates to my life because my trust with my dad was alerted going into my freshman year.
Democracy, in its truest sense, does not exist. There is no political authority currently existing where every person contributes an equal amount to the decision-making process of the authority’s directives. The election of officials and representatives by the populace does not, in itself, automatically result in the most democratic and widely accepted directives being enacted. However, this does not decrease the political power of the authorities, nor does it limit their practical power over their jurisdictions.