John Braithwaite's Theory Of Crime Causation

Many of the states apply the th... ... middle of paper ... ...ing with young minds and punishing them in juvenile courts may be of advantage to the young people and at the same time reduce propagating them into developing a violent future in criminal activities. Correctional facilities that address and cater for the juveniles are the way forward to streamlining the youths (Kristin, page4). Works Cited Jeff Slowikowski. An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency: Juvenile Transfer Laws. Juvenile Justice Bulletin.

The government has made an attempt to reduce crime by funding programs such as prevention and intervention for youth at risk , as well as rehabilitation for prisoners that will be released. Some argue that criminal behavior is due to environment, others believe that it is genetic, and yet others think that it has to do with personality. If there were certain personality traits that could be identified with potential criminal behavior, steps could be taken to try to reduce or diminish the “criminal personality”. Although personality is not the only factor in criminal behavior, there does seem to be a strong association between the both. Alfred Adler believed that children who failed to solve the vital problem of social interest-who lack cooperation and a desire for contributing to the well-being of others-will always meet significant problems later, during their adult years (Adler, 1998).

Juvenile delinquency laws were designed to provide treatment, rather than punishment, for juvenile offenders. Young delinquents usually are sent to juvenile courts, where the main aim is to rehabilitate offenders, rather than to punish them. But the term juvenile delinquency itself has come to imply disgrace in today's society. A youngster can be labeled a delinquent for breaking any one of a number of laws, ranging from robbery to running away from home. But an action for which a youth may be declared a delinquent in one community may not be against the law in another community.

What is important to understand in terms at the difference between the juvenile and adult system is that there is a level of dependency that is created tween the two and the juvenile system focuses on how to help rather than in prison individuals at such a young age. However, it usually depends on the type of crimes that have been committed and what those crimes me for the families and how they impact of the greater society. The adult system distinguishes between dependence and delinquency mainly because there was a psychological transition that occurs with juveniles that is not always a predictor of a cyclical life of crime. However, if an adult is committed to the justice system there can be a dependency of delinquency and a cycle of crime that is more likely to be sustained at that age and level of cognitive ability then in comparison to a juvenile. The reasoning behind this is important is that is focused on maintaining a level of attention to the needs and capacity abilities of individuals living and working in different types of societies (Zinn et al.,

The dilemma we face is having a criminal justice system that wants criminals to pay for their actions and a juvenile justice system that wants to help those who commit crimes. And who do we have in the middle of these two remarkable systems………the police. The concept of proper policing has changed over the years and has incorporated the assistance of concerned citizens. We are leaving the crime fighting to the communities for policing. No we’re not deputizing communities, but we are involving those concerned citizens who see the downfall of not being involved anymore.

Young people who are t... ... middle of paper ... ...nd delinquent are more likely to partake in committing criminal behavior (Shaefer and Haaland, 2011, p.155-156). Young people may get pure pressured by their friends into joining a gang. Furthermore, numerous young people join street gangs because they feel they are rejected by society and do no have the same values. Having faced either physical and/or sexual maltreatment, young people who are maltreated tend to have impaired physical and emotional social functions. References Bell, K. E. (2009; 2007).

This theory suggests that a youth who may have made one poor choice has now been given the label of delinquent. After the label has been applied by society, the youth may begin to internalize their new label. This not only is highly likely to lead to re-offending, but could also lead to the label becoming what is known as their master status, where society only views them as their criminal label. Therefore, labelling theory suggests that by putting youth through the criminal justice system and assigning them a negative societal label, they are more likely to re-offend as they have been stigmatized by society. As a result, recidivism defeats the deterrence purpose of

In a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of incarceration of individuals in preventing crime and especially preventing those particular individuals from repeating crime, Peter Wood concluded that several different mechanisms may in fact contribute to recidivism. Wood acknowledges the work of others in the field that have noted that statistically the experience of being incarcerated increased the likelihood that an individual will commit future criminal behavior. He continues to note the hypotheses of other researchers that such counter-intuitive statistics could be explained by "a theory of defiance" whereby after an individual receives punishment that they feel is unjust or unfair they begin to develop a sense of defiance against the system which later can turn into criminal behavior. A similar explanation is discussed, that of the development of the "gambler's fallacy" where the individual feels that being caught for the crime is a statistical oddity and that since they were recently caught they can safely continue with the crime without worry of being caught within a period of time thereafter. These previous two explanations can be directly tied to the manner in which the legal system operates as an agency of control, most notably the latter explanation; however, Wood does not discuss in depth the sociological aspects of these hypothesis.

For example, if a teenage boy hangs out with criminals and learns criminal behavior (including its rationalizations and reward) from them, then he will likely engage in criminal behavior because he will have more definitions for it than against it, according to the theory (McNamara 2014: pp. 118). On the other hand, social control theory maintains that humans are inherently bad and must therefore be “resocialized” to create stronger community influences to lesson the hedonistic tendency to engage in crime—or pressured into conforming through formal and information sanctions (McNamara 2014: p. 120). The theory explains that people engage in criminal behavior due to low self-control and low attachment to “society and significant others” (McNamara 2014: p. 121). For example, when a child doesn’t have strong connections to family, friends or school involvements, he is more likely to engage in delinquent behavior because he has less connection to

“This activities can cause harm or land juveniles in prison or detention centers.”(hirby).Teens can learn additional bad behavior from those around them. friendship will probably form and be introduced to other troubled teens and make bad choices. “Youth who a little parental oversight can be easily influenced by gang membership and glamorized violence in popular culture.” That growing number of offender appear to be younger and their crimes are more violent and that law in some states provide tough penalties on juveniles offenders. “ Increasing violence among teenagers and other youth appears to have contributed to a nationwide crime”.peer delinquency is one of the strongest predictors of delinquency that researchers have identified. “A particular issue of concern in the realm of juvenile ... ... middle of paper ... ...the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency.