Job design
Conceivably it may not be what is done on a day to day basis, but of the nature of the job itself. There is an expectation that by creating a job with a high job satisfaction that employees will naturally be motivated to perform at the highest. Michaelson (2014) extends this view by expressing the significance of making the nature of the job to be meaningful to fully gauge the employee. This is seen to directly impact the employees need for recognition as they believe that their job is making a difference. May (2014) supports Michaelson’s view revealing that the morale and motivation of an employee in a job of poor design could result in employee resentment. Suri (2007) then goes onto conclude how this drop in motivation could cause
In some organisations the alteration of the job role is illogical as it only slightly improves the performance of intrinsically motivated employees. By ensuring that an organisation tailors it’s working conditions towards the employee, could provide comfort for an employee and thus increases the employee’s satisfaction. Recker (2013) supports this viewpoint implying how the jobs environment could play a significant role in the workers need for recognition. Whilst a large portion of Hertzberg’s Hygiene factors relates to tangible extrinsic factors, an arguably more important aspect is the intangible intrinsic motivators as they are harder to control. Lacey (2015) considers these factors and it could be suggested that creating a positive atmosphere and company ethos could be a relatively cheap method in managing performance. The increase in job enjoyment could assist the engagement of the workforce. Contrary to this view, by replicating ideal working conditions could not only be a costly endeavour, but possibly a wasteful effort.
In contrast to Standards oriented approaches, Excellence orientation tends to appeal to the individual over the organisation. It can be argued that the motivation of the workforce could in fact be the determinant of organisational performance. That said, it has been found that the cost of developing the employee through job design and coaching could cost a business more than its supposed benefit. However, such method have proved to be have an exceptional effect on the individual’s
Job enrichment, in this case, is being applied as a job design tool for worker motivation. HIS employees have a centralized organizational structure, which implies that t...
...esigned to realize the dream alive. Therefore, to ensure success in achieving these goals, the appreciation is important . If the lack of appreciation given to employees then there will be a decline in driving organizational productivity. If acknowledgment is given the workers themselves would feel appreciated when their welfare is not compromised. Employers should not underestimate the welfare of workers. Employees who are satisfied with the compensation and benefits given to them will not cause any problems for the employer . Instead, they will continue to work diligently and indirect labor productivity will certainly increase. So it is clear here that the intrinsic rewards are important parallel with extrinsic reward . Perhaps the workers see the rewards extrinsic more meaningful monetary , in fact, intrinsic rewards are more important as a reward for the future.
Greenberg presents an entire chapter on what motivates people to work. (Greenberg, 2010 pp 160 - 190) In it Greenberg presents several theories of motivation including need hierarchy theory, equity theory and expectancy theory. Whereas Bowles and Blanchard present their program as indifferent to the objective content of the job, Greenberg goes out of his way to identify job characteristics (as distinct from managerial interventions) that affect employee satisfaction. He presents a job characteristics model (Greenberg, 2010 p186) that parallels several points in Gung Ho! This is not to say that Greenberg ignores management’s ability to influence the motivating potential of jobs. He discusses several interventions that can lead to more satisfying jobs. First, he suggests that employees be assigned a whole job, rather than using several workers to perform separate parts of the job. This provides greater skill variety and task identity, which serves to improve job satisfaction.
From this research it is evidently crucial that motivation is maintained in the work place. It affects all levels of the managerial pyramid from low level staff to high ranking managers and more importantly the company as a whole. If a happy work environment Is created then the results will be un-measurable in turn leading to greater profits for the business and in reality all companies whether it be retail or call centres are all looking for maximised profits. From incetric, exentric and job design techniques it is for the management to determine what’s best for the company, a diction that can lead to great success or shocking failure.
Based off of the gratification an individual contains towards their work is job satisfaction. The productivity could either be positive or negative while the relationship between the productivity and satisfaction may not be consistent. There are multiple internal and external factors of job satisfaction that can impact the behavior of an employee and engagement over time. The way the worker’s attitude concerning their field effects the performance they perform on a daily basis. One who is satisfied with the job they maintain, succeed at what they do. “It is therefore imperative for a company to understand the attitude of its workers and measure the job satisfaction of its employees, as job satisfaction is essential for productivity” (L. Bradshaw
The early days of Uris Hall’s dormitory kitchen were characterized by excellent food and a content, tight-knit staff. The employees’ feelings of satisfaction and utmost commitment to their jobs are best explained using Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene Model. This motivation theory relies on the assumption that satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the workplace are independent of each other, and a different set of factors is responsible for causing each emotion. One motivating factor is the employees’ sense of achievement in their work. The case stresses that the eleven women who worked in the kitchen felt a consistent sense of pride in their labor; they went to great lengths to ensure superior quality
This theory implicates a logical illustration that if the nature of a job sufficed and met the five core characteristics, the employee would feel a sense of fulfillment that would result in excellent work performance (Armstrong, 2017). The job design prefigures the significant relationship of the five core dimensions as to how a worker perceives the three vital psychological states – meaningfulness of work, responsibility and knowledge of outcomes – that would eventually contribute to a sense of general job satisfaction, personal growth, increased motivation and effectiveness of work (DeVaro, Li, Brookshire, 2007). There is a dynamic suggestion in JCM that acclaims the correlation of positive feelings with an excellent performance, and negative feelings with poor performance (Mukul, Rayhan, Hoque, & Islam,
In addition, by conducting an effective job evaluation for both frontline and backup staff, the value added by each could be determined. Specifically, this was achieved by measuring the required level of skill and effort, responsibility and respective working conditions of each segment (McShane et al, 2013). Consequently, using the principles behind Herzberg Motivation-Hygiene Theory described by (Robbins et al. 2012 p.271) it was identified, that front line employees needed greater recognition, greater praise and appreciation, increased job security and finally further opportunities, for personal growth, within the organisation. Similarly, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is adopted, as frontline employee self-esteem, need for recognition and self-actualisation, contributes to achieving their full potential (Kulchmanov et al. 2014). Therefore, the effect of the introduced changes to the workplace, combined with adopting Maslow’s and Herzberg’s need theories, created a better working environment that encouraged job satisfaction (Robbins et al. 2012 p.271) and it is possible that Dr Chen, was well aware that job enrichment comprises the modification of tasks, in order that the employees can have an increased knowledge of the factors of motivation (Sachau, 2007).
Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the “driving force within individuals” (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with finding out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to better organizational performance (Wiley, 1997).
Of the numerous speculations of work motivation, Herzberg's (1998) motivator hygiene theory has been a standout amongst the most persuasive in late decades. Essentially, the hypothesis isolates propelling variables into two classifications: Motivator factors, which have a remark with the work itself, and Hygiene factors, which have a remark with the encompassing
Human nature can be very simple, yet more complex too. An understanding and appreciation of this is a prerequisite to effective employee motivation in the workplace and therefore effective management and success of organization to attain its objectives.
In daily life, we need motivation to improve our performance in our job or in studies. Motivation is an internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude of employees (Rowley, 1996; Weaver, 1998). The theories include content theories, based on assumptions that people have individual needs, which motivate their action. Meanwhile according to Robbins (2001), motivation is a needs-satisfying process, which means that when a person's needs are satisfied by certain factors, the person will exert superior effort toward attaining organizational goals. Schulze and Steyn (2003) affirmed that in order to understand people’s behavior at work, managers or supervisors must be aware of the concept of needs or motives which will help “move” their employees to act.Theories such as Maslow (1954), McClelland (1961), Herzberg (1966) and Alderfer (1969) are renowned for their works in this field. The intrinsic reward or also be known as motivators factors is the part of Herzberg motivation theory. Motivators are involve factors built into the job or the studies itself such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job such as interpersonal relationship, salary, supervision and company policy (Herzberg, 1966. There have two factors that are called hygiene fac...
Motivation can be one of the greatest and most important aspects inside a workplace, as it enables employees to find their incentive to work harder and achieve different types of goals. Motivation can be identified and accomplished by elaborating a job design that helps keep employees happy considering the different environmental factors of the integrative framework when applying organizational behavior. A formal definition states that job design “refers to any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific jobs or interdependent systems of jobs with the intent of improving the quality of employee job experience and their on-the-job productivity” (Kinicki 168). Job designs help structure jobs and the different tasks needed to accomplish
December 2009). Researchers from various organizations unequivocally agree that managers can use an employee’s intrinsic motivation to gain the maximum output from that employee as well as support the employee in achieving his personal career goals as stated by (George N. Root III 2016). According to (Thomas, K) managers should help their employees understand self-management process that involves four steps to increase intrinsic motivation. Those steps may perhaps be nominated as a sense of meaninglessness, of choice, of competence and as a sense of progress. One of the successful strategies that managers can take into consideration is to clearly define strategic visions and goals set by an organisation. Moreover, by providing a broad vision of a company, managers demonstrate a warm sense of meaningless for an employee that makes him feel like there is an opportunity for him to accomplish something of real value, something that matters in the big picture as said by (Thomas, K 2009). In addition, Managers should make employees feel like their job is a choice, not a requirement in order to encourage employees to demonstrate intrinsic willingness to perform better. Nevertheless, some organisations emphasize that managers can experience numerous issues in increasing intrinsic motivation. For instance, an intrinsically motivated employee will only be able to do the particular task depending on “interesting, challenging, and has personal meaning based on the satisfaction they receive from performing the activity itself” (Giancola, 2014, p. 25). Essentially managers would face issues with increasing an employee’s performance when an extremely vital task has been assigned to the employee that has no interest in undertaking the given task. Although In my mind,
Job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences. It has been treated both as a general attitude and satisfaction with five specific dimensions of the job: pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers. Challenging work, valued rewards, opportunities for advancement, competent supervision, and supportive coworkers are dimensions of the job that can lead to satisfaction (Nelson & Quick, 2013, pg. 58-59).