Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Cultural Dimensions of Pakistan
Cultural Dimensions of Pakistan
Cultural Dimensions of Pakistan
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Cultural Dimensions of Pakistan
Jinnah and Pakistan Jinnah demanded Pakistan because Islam and Hinduism were two different religions socially and politically. He feared the discrimination of Muslims in Hindu dominated India and therefore he demanded Pakistan where Muslims will dominate. However, in his speeches he made after independence, he urged all citizens of newly formed Pakistan, despite their religious backgrounds, to work together. After Partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah viewed Pakistan to become a democratic nation where all religious minorities would have equal rights, the state would be socially progressive and constitutionally modern. Although Jinnah did not have any specific particular plan for the new state he was creating, his vision of the country can be …show more content…
Jinnah died nine months after partition and Liaquat Ali khan asserted in 1951. The Muslim league was dismantled by conflicts because there were difficulties in obtaining political influence in West Pakistan and most importantly East Pakistan. The preeminent dilemma with East Pakistan was the social and cultural differences with West Pakistan. East Pakistan consisted mostly of Bengali Muslims who migrated or already resided in that region. These people were culturally rich and consisted of many cultural differences such as linguistics and traditions. Another problem of East Pakistan was that it was thousands of miles away from west Pakistan, where the central government resided. It became difficult to site the problems in East Pakistan and establish democratic influence for the governments that were in West …show more content…
After partition, Pakistan economy was sole fully based on agriculture. Therefore, Indian control of the water supply was a threat to survival and security for Pakistan. Partition classified that state of Kashmir which consisted a strategic location for both Pakistan and India. Many rivers flow from the Kashmir Valley to India and Pakistan and this is the only way India could reach Central Asia. However, the first generation of Pakistani’s did not view Kashmir as a territorial or a strategic concern until Kashmir came to symbolize both the idea of Pakistan and a home for Muslims in South Asia. There were also images of oppression adjured by the Kashmiri captivity by Indian forces which also ignited the feeling of
...ate, was cut divided into two in the western region by the newly established border. Major tensions have persisted among both Muslim and Sikh communities for years, which directly suffered most from the violence and land loss resulting from partition.
Self determination is the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government. This is exactly what India and Pakistan were able to do when they were separated. For example, they both played parts in the cold war. India was completely neutral, and Pakistan allied with the United States to prevent Soviet expansion in Asia (India, 36). Another example would be in 1974 when India tested a plutonium-based bomb after Pakistan celebrated their 40th anniversary separated from India. India said it was a “peaceful nuclear explosive (Schorr, 19). These examples show that the Britain’s separation and withdrawal from the two subcontinents allows them to make their own choices and possibly benefit from
The Indian Independence Bill, which carves the independent nations of India and Pakistan out of the former Mogul Empire. The long-awaited agreement ended 200 years of British rule. The religious friction between Hindus and Muslims, which had delayed Britain’s granting of Indian independence after World War II, messed with Gandhi’s excitement. In the northern province of Punjab, (which was divided between Hindu-dominated India and Muslim-dominated Pakistan), hundreds of people were killed in the first few days after independence.
In colonial times, the English settlers faced several issues with the Indians that inhabited the land before the English landed to establish colonies. Among these issues were communication and maintaining peace. This is proven through two distinctive Indian cultures. One of them led by Powhatan and the other led by Metacom. By comparing the two tribes, it will be clear that throughout the 17th century, Indian and English relationships differed because of the treatment of the Indians by the English and the communication between the two parties.
The poorly-planned withdrawal of the British from its Indian ‘colony' left close to one million people dead and created chaos, hatred and violence that lasted over 50 years and forced Winston Churchill to condemn it as the ‘shameful flight.' These historical events complicated the histories of India, Britain and Pakistan because of the ill-informed partition program carried out by British authorities. The Shameful Flight covers the periods between the fall of Singapore to the Japanese in February 1942 and Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. In this book, Wolpert's thesis argues against the death of hundreds of thousands of people who died after the partition of India. For example, Wolpert believes that the catastrophe resulted from Mountbatten's rushed process of the nationhood in which the new border lines in the middle of Punjab and Bengal prompted murder, arson and violence that left over 10 million Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs displaced from their homes and over five hundred thousand dead.
Lao-Tzu says in his Tao Te Ching, “When the will to power is in charge, the higher the ideals, the lower the results. Try to make people happy, and you lay the groundwork for misery. Try to make people moral, and you lay the ground work for vice.” (211). Khan, as briefly mentioned earlier, built his party up as the end to all the Pakistani people’s suffering.
India is a land where everyone jointly used to live with each other, where each community had their own rules and regulations according to their needs; it all ended when the British Crown intruded their rule and forever ravaged life as it was known in India. The British Raj by-product was, a mass migration occurring all across the new boundaries as well as on the estimated loss of a million lives in the communal bloodbaths involving Hindus, Muslims, and also Sikhs in the Punjab (Kaul). The better greatly altered India till this date seems to have no harmony in what was known as India before British rule. Today, neighboring countries India and Pakistan are just waiting for a signal to demolish each other. British rule has irreparably damaged the peace in what is now known as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh today.
The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
The motivation behind why Sir Syed varied on the aforementioned points, as said above, was most likely not that he needed to make some new sect and become its leader, but these distinctions emerged on the grounds that he needed to uproot the complaints which the pundits raised against Islam, (he also, address) the questions and suspicions which the informed youthful Muslims entertained against it.
Introduction In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to date. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy.
...tween the Hindus and Muslims, Jinnah felt that Muslims had no future in India (Overfield 216). With the end of British rule in 1947, not only did India gain its independence but also along with it was born an other country, Pakistan where Jinnah served as the first governor (Overfield 216). With the gain of India’s independence, Gandhi was shot the following year in 1948 by a Hindu zealot who resented his commitment to Hindu – Muslim harmony (Overfield 212).
Lawrence Auster wrote an eye-opening blog excerpt titled India and Pakistan: Why the Mass Killing Occurred. The content of this excerpt explore the fundamental issues of identity and religion that led to the violence in 1947. The author makes his point by utilizing current event such as the train massacre in 2002, in which 50 Hindu women and children were burned alive. The blog is for an audience with some prior knowledge on the topic and continues to expand upon that knowledge. The blog is a secondary source because it introduces its own unique ideas regarding the issue and was written after the time of the event. It was very helpful to my research because it simplifies the wordy information often found on scholarly sites and condenses it into something comprehensible and relatable to the reader.
Athwass in its spirit and essence mirrors the ethos of Kashmir, which, for centuries, has represented peace, nonviolence and brotherhood of man (Kaul, 2012). Since 1989, the low-intensity conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has been the most important issue in India's internal security scenario. Possession of the State of Kashmir has been an issue of dispute since 1947 starting with India and Pakistan. After tw...
We can start by recounting history, where the roots of the conflict lie. India was one massive nation made up of several states, ruled by the British. A long and difficult independence struggle culminated with the British choosing to leave India in August 1947. The Muslims of the land decided that instead of just a Free India, they would create a Free Pakistan for themselves as well. They were fearful that as a minority, the Hindu majority would trample their rights and religion. Both countries would be formed as soon as the British handed back control in August. The rulers of each individual state constituting India would chose which country to join, hopefully following the wishes of its people. This idea was fraught with problems. There were quite a few states that had a majority of one religion yet the ruler belonged to another faith. The states of Hyderabad and Junagarh were examples of this. Both had Hindu majorities and M...