INTRODUCTION
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Unlike conventional languages which are generally designed to be compiled to native code, Java is compiled to a bytecode which is then run (generally using JIT compilation) by a Java virtual machine.
The language itself borrows much syntax from C and C++ but has a much simpler object model and does away with low level tools like programmer-manipulable pointers.
Java is only distantly related to JavaScript, though they have similar names and share a C-like syntax.
As with other parts of the Java platform, the Java language has evolved over the years while largely maintaining backwards compatibility.
JDK 1.0 (January 23, 1996) ¡ª Initial release. [press release]
JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997) [press release]
inner classes added to the language
J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998) ¡ª Codename Playground. This and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). Major additions included: [press release]
strictfp keyword
J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000) ¡ª Codename Kestrel. [press release]
J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002) ¡ª Codename Merlin. This was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included: [press release]
J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004) ¡ª Codename Tiger. (Originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number.[1]) Developed under JSR 176, Tiger added a number of significant new language features: [press release]
Generics ¡ª provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts. (Specified by JSR 14.)
Metadata ¡ª also called annotations, allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities. (Specified by JSR 175.)
Autoboxing/unboxing ¡ª automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer). (Specified by JSR 201.)
Enumerations ¡ª the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.). Previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern). (Specified by JSR 201.)
Varargs ¡ª the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)).
Import statements-These import ( java.uiti, java.lang, java.io) statements that allows us to program code that is use for the objects and the methods that is available in the imported classes such as system.out.pringln and GregorianCalender.
Abstract. Recent frameworks employ the strategy to define a specific metadata schema for applications to use in their classes and programming elements, enabling framework behavior customization. Despite this technique is being widely used, there are not models, design patterns or development guidelines that aim to help in the creation of this kind of framework. This thesis proposes a conceptual model for metadata-based frameworks that has the aim to identify appropriate solutions for its internal structure and scenarios where it is suitable for. As a result, software architects and framework developers with this conceptual model should be able to identify situations where the metadata usage is appropriate and to design suitable solutions that provides flexibility in metadata reading and processing.
The programming language C++ can be used in many ways. It has exploded into the gaming community allowing PC game programmers to have access to a stabile, yet powerful, programming language, utilizing as little code as possible. It has also been used in other commercial software, such as word processors, audio players, screen savers, and other computer desktop tools.
Understanding a specific programming language can be a difficult and complicated task. One of the main reasons behind this is that students have difficulty in comprehending what a computer is actually doing when executing a program line and what is simultaneously happening in the memory. Software visualization and animation tools have been constructed in order to depict the functioning of source code by means of animation i.e. graphical properties. These tools are used to help novice programmers to better understand the program codes and the flow of its
Java vs. C++ papers = Since their inception, computers have played an increasingly important role in today’s society. Advancements in technology have enabled computers to become faster and cheaper. Today, the majority of families own a home computer that is vastly more powerful than giant mainframes of years gone by. Computer hardware has been evolving rapidly with no end in sight, and with all of the advancements in computer hardware come advancements in computer software; gone are the days when FORTRAN and COBOL were the languages of choice. Today, vvv two hot new object oriented programming languages have entered the computer programming arena, Java and C++, this paper will examine the similarities and differences between these new languages. Both Java and C++ are object oriented programming languages, but what does that mean? Object oriented programming (OOP) emphasizes data, instead of algorithms for solving problems. Instead of trying to fit a problem to the procedural approach of a language, OOP attempts to fit the language to the problem, in other words, OOP is structured to produce an answer without changing the question. Object oriented programming involves two separate parts, class and objects. Class is a specification that describes a new data form, it is a template that defines how an object will look and behave.(Kaj 1996, 8) An object is that particular data structure constructed using the parameters defined by class.(Prata 1995, 5) The object oriented programming approach to program design is to first design classes that accurately represent those things with which the program deals. A drawing program, for example, might define classes to represent rectangles, lines, circles, brushes, pens, and the like. The class definitions, recall, include a descriptions of permissible options for each class, such as moving a circle or rotating a line.(Prata 1995, 5) The main advantages of OOP, besides being able to create more complex software, and develop answers without changing the questions, are numerous. OOP facilitates creating reusable code, which can save a lot of work. Information can be hidden to safeguard data from improper access. Polymorphism lets the programmer create multiple definitions for operators and functions, with the programming context determining which definition is used, also Inheritance lets the programmer derive new classes from older ones.
Java, a language based on C++, was developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990's. (Java programming language, n.d.) It was originally called OAK and was designed for set top boxes and hand held devices. "Oak was unsuccessful so in 1995 Sun changed the name to Java and modified the language to take advantage of the burgeoning World Wide Web." (Java, n.d.) Java is an object-oriented language simplified to eliminate language features that cause common programming languages. Java should not be confused with JavaScript, which shares only the name and a similar C-like syntax. Sun Microsystems currently maintains and updates Java regularly.
With the realization that the Internet was becoming a good way to move media content, the team took that to heart. What they came out with was a language that would use existing the HTML language, and what it did was revolutionize the Internet, and increase its use dramatically. In 1993, after an easy-to-use front-end to the web called Mosaic showed many that the Internet had many possibilities, the team knew that Java was the right fit for the Industry.
Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems; so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.
Many different types of programming languages are used to write programs for computers. The languages are called "codes". Some of the languages include C++, Visual Basic, Java, XML, Perl, HTML, and COBOL. Each of the languages differs from each other, and each is used for specific program jobs. HTML and JAVA are languages used to build web pages for the Internet. Perl and XML can produce codes that block students from getting on certain inappropriate web pages on their school server. One of the most prominent programming languages of the day would have to be C++.
These basic rules allow user defined as well as built-in data types to define information which allows the schema to be extensible just as XML itself. (N/A, 2001). With these basic structural boundaries in the Schema benefits noted are; (N/A,2001)
C++ is a very useful programming language. Many educational curriculums will include either C or C++ as the tool entry-level programmers will use to learn the syntax, semantics, and data structures key to effective programming that is required of computer scientists. C++ is such a diverse language, one cannot help but wonder how it became the popular language it is today, and this paper is going to demonstrate just that.
A readable language allows students to, after only a very short time, take educated guesses at the meanings of constructs. Producing an object-oriented program that is readily understandable to students is a real challenge. (KÖlling 1999; 6, 10, 11, 14) Consider the following remarks by programmer Chad Columbus:
Within this report is information on how Java Script is used on the Internet. This report will contain information that will help you learn about Java Script and its uses on the Internet. It mentions what Java Script is, where it originated and what some of its uses are.JavaScript is a loosely typed scripting language that resembles the programming language C. It is designed to be an extension to HTML and is usually included within HTML scripts. Java Script is object-oriented and has block-structuring features. The main feature of Java Script is that it lets you build interactive web pages.
Java is the language with which the application is intended to work upon. But the other possibilities would also be C#.
Java language is currently one of the most popular programming languages being used. Java language is an object-oriented programming language was developed by James Gosling in 1995 at Sun Microsystems that can be run on many different operating systems (Wikipedia, 2015). It is also known as high-level language because it is easier for humans to read and write the command structures. It also helps programmers to write the computer instruction using English commands, rather than write in numeric code. There are a lot of applications and websites that working on Java application, such as to connect a laptop or desktop to data center and from mobile phone to the internet and so on. These applications are called applets. The applets can runs in websites (Arnold, 2005). Java programming is designed to create the functions as C++ programming language but with much simpler understanding and easy to learn and use. There are few things needed to codes Java programming. The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is the package that consists of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Java platform core classes, and supporting Java platform libraries. To run Java in the web browser, the JRE will be needed. Java Virtual Machine or JVM helps Java applications to run by compiling the “bytecodes” into a workable codes as an another option to understand one instruction at a time; However, to run Java applets in browser, the JRE