Japanese Business Etiquette
Content:
I. Introduction
II. History
a. What is the country¡¦s political tradition?
b. Is there a dictatorship or other form of the government which means that the government will be closely involved in your efforts?
c. Is there a history of colonization or occupation by another state?
d. Are there any tensions with neighbors?
e. Is the country secular or not?
f. Religion?
III. Concepts for doing business
a. How does this culture see time?
b. How does this culture gather information?
c. How does this culture fit into the other models presented in class?
d. What are the important values in this culture; is there understanding of these values the same as yours?
e. How do hierarchies and negotiation styles fit in?
f. Is bribery an issue?
IV. Social Situation
a. Are there any particular manners or etiquette tips that are very important?
b. Is there a place for humor, small talk, etc.?
c. Are there particularities about food and drink?
d. Are there particularities about dress, body contact?
V. Conclusion
VI. References
a. History
b. Concepts for doing business
c. Social situations
I. Introduction
Our German company is planning a joint venture in Japan. For the reason that this is the first international venture of the company in its thirty year reason, we will send you, a delegation of men and women from our company, for a week-long trip to Japan for a first meeting with our counterparts.
There are several factors which we tried to cover while for you in order to make your stay as successful as possible:
„« history
„« what factors might pose problems for Germans
„« how Germans can avoid offending the locals
„« how Germans can avoid culture shock
„« critical points to remember for the initial meetings
We tried to collect all these information in order to smooth your way in the Japanese business world.
We hope that this report will help you to find the way through the new culture you will soon have to handle.
II. History
a. What is the country¡¦s political tradition?
Japan is academically considered a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliament, the Kokkai or Diet.
A constitutional monarchy is a form of government which represents a compromise between tho...
... middle of paper ...
...r for the initial meetings
Hopefully, we could contribute to your upcoming business relationship and could help you answering all your questions and help to take away your anxiety.
Even though we know that Japanese culture totally differs from our German culture, we have faith in you. We think that you will smooth our way for upcoming transactions and relationships.
V. References
a. History
„« www.japan-guide.html
„« www.fact-index.com
„« www.mapzones.com
„« www.dal.ca
„« http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Foreign-relations-of-Japan
„« http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/History-of-Japan
„« www.japan-tipp.de
„« www.oldbookroom.com
b. Concepts for doing business
„« http://www.venturejapan.com/japan-business-culture-meeting.htm
„« http://www.rieti.go.jp/en/rieti_report/012.html,
„« www.kellogg.northwestern.edu
c. Social situations
„« http://www.geocities.com/japanfaq/FAQ-Manners.html
„« http://gojapan.about.com/cs/etiquetteinjapan/a/bowing.htm
„« http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/japan.htm
„« http://www.escapeartist.com/efam27/japan.html
„« http://www.japan-guide.com
Firstly, Penelope who plays Odysseus’s wife is alone tending to her city Ithica until her husband returns. Meanwhile Odysseus is out fighting in the Trojan War and against many of the Greek God’s who are trying to make his trip back home as eventful and hard as possible; “…work out his journey home so Odysseus can return” (Homer 276). While King Odysseus is away Penelope is to deal with a bunch of suitors who are eating and trashing out Ithica, “…if those suitors have truly paid in blood for all their reckless outrage” (559). In order for Penelope to keep peace until Odysseus returns she has to come up with a clever plan to keep the suitors from completely taking over. For almost 2 years Penelope was able to keep the suitors from getting out of hand by saying she will find someone to marry and replace Odysseus after she is d...
She is loyal, having waited for Odysseus for twenty years, not remarrying, though she thought he was gone for good. She also plays a much more active role in the marriage she has with Odysseus. Perhaps the most defining characteristics attributed to Penelope involve her role as a woman, in marriage and as a presumed “widow”. First, there seems to be a double standard, like described in Calypso’s case, between the loyalty of Penelope and the loyalty of Odysseus. Penelope is physically and emotionally loyal to Odysseus, while Odysseus is only emotionally loyal, meaning he has had sexual relations with other women within the twenty years he has been gone. During this time period in Greek culture, this was not frowned upon and was quite normal, suggesting that women were held to a different standard than men. In addition, as Penelope is presumed to be a widow, at least by the suitors, she is prized solely for her beauty. The suitors speak only of her beauty and none of her intelligence or of her personality or soul. This suggests that marriage was not always about love, and that women were judged and valued merely for their beauty. This idea further proves the act of sexualizing women during this
Penelope, the wife of Odysseus and mother of Telemachus, not only exemplified the key heroic trait of strength, but did so in a new and unique way. Though there is no indication of her possessing momentous physical vigor, she used mental tenacity to remain poised as the leader of Ithaca for a long period of time without guidance or consolation from her spouse. Furthermore, she stood steadfast in her fidelity for her husband despite the overwhelming number of suitors trying to court her. The intense courage that Penelope had should immediately put her in the same realm as heroes like Odysseus and Perseus; however, due to the unfortunate
However, his journey isn’t over yet. This last leg of Odysseus’s journey is perhaps the most important and crucial. Odysseus’s nurse and maidservant, Eurycleia is the first woman in Ithaca to know that Odysseus is back after she recognizes the scar on his leg while she is washing him. Eurycleia vows to keep his identity a secret. Odysseus’s wife, Penelope has stayed faithful to Odysseus for all the years that he was gone. Penelope was consistently unweaving her web to the delay the suitors. The reader even grows sympathetic for Penelope as “we see her struggle to make the virtuous choice about her marriage, despite pressures from her suitors, her son’s endangered situation, and her own uncertainty about Odysseus’s survival” (Foley ). Finally, Odysseus reveals his identity and Penelope is bewildered, but quickly embraces her husband after he tells her the secret of their immovable bed. It is the faithfulness of Penelope and nurse Eurycleia that insures Odysseus’s survival to the very end.
Throughout the poem, Penelope encourages the suitors to stay in her home by making them think they are welcome. With Odysseus gone Penelope chooses whom she hosts in the great palace. Penelope does hate the suitors but she never once tells them to leave. She even makes the suitors think that she would be choosing her new husband soon and in this way she makes them feel welcome in her home. Antinous, a suitor, responds to accusations Telemachus made to the suitors at an assembly.
1. Why do you think the autocratic approach worked effectively for four years in this situation?
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When moving to a market with a consumer culture so different from the home market, a company must be careful to analyse its target audience in detail, to avoid and costly cultural faux pas. To get a good feel for the Japanese culture, a good place to start would be the experts in the cultural studies field. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, created during his in depth GLOBE study of the cultures of the world, gives a good comparison between the priority differences between Japanese and English culture. A detailed analysis of the cultural differences will be given in the ‘Marketing Issues’ section of the report.
Cunningham, Lawrence S., and John J. . Reich. Culture and Values. 7th ed. Vol. 1. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006. Print.
Women are important in life and act in many different ways, this poem portray them in the many roles they play in life. The portrayal is a generalization on all that women are capable of being and doing. Faithfulness is the quality in Odysseus that is his motivation to return to his wife who is in different ways even more faithful. Penelope represents the "best of women" in the poem. Penelope along with other characters like Nausicaa and Arete that fall under this category represents ideals for marriage. Penelope's role in the poem is the reward and prize to Odysseus' suffering but it is her virtue, which make the sufferings worthwhile. The one important role of Penelope that makes her a desirable wife aside from her beauty and faithfulness is that she anchors the kingship of Ithaka. The suitors saw that the one who married Pene...
The character of Penelope is portrayed as the archetype of the proper Homeric woman. She is faithful, passionate, and has her heart set on waiting for Odysseus’ return. Despite the constant pressures from her suitors, she puts them off by telling them that she will pick a new husband after she completes a burial shroud for Odysseus. The delaying tactics Penelope uses reveal her sly and cunning side. Although Penelope is intelligent, beautiful, and essentially has all the characteristics of the proper Homeric woman, because of her gender, she is forced to submit ...
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