The Female Bildungsroman
Like other Jane Austen novels, such as Emma or Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey’s primary trajectory is the development of the main female character. Even though Catherine Morland is not a typical female Bildungsroman, her realizations in who she is and who she is becoming are very evident throughout the novel. Webster’s Dictionary defines the Bildungsroman as “a novel which traces the spiritual, moral, psychological, or social development and growth of the main character towards maturity.” In this novel, the main developments of Catherine being traced are the social, psychological, emotional, and intellectual, in addition to her growth as a fully functional lady of society. This paper will focus on Catherine Morland fitting the mold of the female Bildungsroman by way of how she learns, what she learns, and how she matures and grows wiser in the actions of people and society.
In Chapter I of the novel, Catherine is stereotyped as a person who “never could learn or understand anything before she was taught.” This helps to paint a picture of Catherine being helpless and dependent for extended emphasis or exaggeration of the trials she must go through to reach maturity and independence. For if Catherine learns through the guidance and teaching of others, her gullibility in what she is taught is heightened, therefore she may be susceptible to believe everything that she hears or reads. She takes everyone and everything at face value. Catherine must learn to correct these assumptions by distinguishing between the real world and the fictional world of literature, and also by learning through experience the difficulties of ordinary life.
Catherine’s imagination is the culprit for her downfall in separating reality from fiction. Upon her invitation to Northanger Abbey, thoughts of “long, damp passages, narrow cells, ruined chapel,…and some awful memorials of an injured and ill-fated nun” are clouding up Catherine’s mind (16). These images are only heightened by Henry Tilney’s description of what Catherine should expect upon arrival to the Abbey: mysterious chests, violent storms, and hidden passages. Yet after arriving Catherine finds disappointment, for the Abbey is very modern. When sleeping her first night at the Abbey, Catherine discovers pap...
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...onversations on literature that she had with Henry Tilney; emotional and psychological growth in her realizations of who she is and how people truly are; and social growth in the fact that she was able to stand up for herself and make her own decisions in what she wanted to do and who she befriended. Catherine has learned through experience and has matured and grown wiser, because of the stimulus in the town of Bath. Even though she is not the typical female Bildungsroman, Catherine has grown in every aspect of her life, thereby making this novel indeed a Bildungsroman.
Works Consulted
Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1996.
Castellanos, Gabriela. Laughter, War, and Feminism: Elements of Carnival in Three of Jane Austen’s Novels. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 1994.
Ellis, Lorna. Appearing to Diminish: Female Development and the British Bildungsroman 1750-1850. London: Associated University Presses, Inc., 1999.
Galperin, William H. The Historical Austen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
Kirkham, Margaret. Jane Austen, Feminism, and Fiction. London: Short Run Press Ltd, Exeter, 1997.
Catherine has an extremely naive, novel-like view of love. “[Henry’s] name was not in the Pump-room book, and curiosity could do no more. He must be gone from Bath.yet he had not mentioned that his stay would be so short! This sort of mysteriousness, which is always so becoming in a hero, threw a fresh grace in Catherine's imagination around his persona and manners, and increased her anxiety to know more of him,” (34-35). She is obsessed with Henry’s “mysteriousness”, not so dissimilar to the heroines in her novels, who were all in love with tall, dark and mysterious men. Although her naivete and imagination almost get her in trouble with Henry when she thinks his father has killed his mother, her naive obsession with him is the only reason their relationship ever
Even though Nelly and Edgar have different perceptions of Catherine’s ways, there may be some truth and valid points to each character’s opinions. Catherine, a defiant woman, has shown dominance for most part of the plot and gets her own way by displaying means of aggression and emotional breakdown. However, there comes a time when Catherine seizes her dominating ways and her mannerism changes and appears docile; which establishes her double standard nature.
As the protagonist in the novel, Catherine is also the dynamic character because of the changes she undergoes too change her perspective and personality. Early in the book Catherine reveals herself as a stubborn character. This is inferred from the fact that her father attempts to force her into marriage with a suitor yet she refuses to do so. She continuously does whatever she can to get rid off the suitors that her father brings. For example, “I thought he spoke in some foreign tongue or cipher designed to conceal a secret message, but it seems only that his nose was plugged. And it stayed plugged throughout his entire visit, while he breathed and chewed and chattered through his open mouth. Corpus Bones! He troubled my stomach no little
Tague, Ingrid H. Women of Quality: Accepting and Contesting Ideals of Femininity in England, 1690-1760. Rochester: Boydell Press, 2002.
Jane, Austen,. Emma complete, authoritative text with biographical, historical, and cultural contexts, critical history, and essays from contemporary critical perspectives. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2002.
In Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey, Austen portrays her heroine, Catherine as an innocent young girl who fails to understand the language. She is too young that she cannot understand the words may have different meaning. Catherine consistently misjudges people around her. She fails to interpret about what ...
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On the surface, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a romantic story of love overcoming varying vices. However, Austen takes care to feature very complicated characters to counteract the predictability of such a love story. In fact, Austen is often praised for her many-layered male and female characters. Austen creates detailed women who both follow and disregard the stereotypical concepts of femininity in varying social classes. However, she also creates complicated men who both fulfill and shirk the duties of husbands and men. In order to create such complicated characters, Austen seems to employ the duties and stereotypes of individuals as outlined by Mary Wollstonecraft in her work of A Vindication of the Rights of Women. Wollstonecraft
Abbey are crucial for developing and maturing Catherine’s character. Bibliography Austen, Jane. [1818] 1990 Northanger Abbey, ed. by John Davie, with an introduction by Terry Castle, Oxford World’s Classics, Oxford: Oxford University Press Regan, Stephen. Ed. 2001.
The Bildungsroman genre entails a character’s formative years and his or her development from childhood. The characters from this type of novel recall, in detail, past relationships and experiences that impacted the characters growth, maturity, and exemplar for their relationships with other characters. An important component to Bildungsroman novels is the concentration on the characters childhood (Gottfried & Miles, 122). In Jane Eyre and David Copperfield, both characters childhoods were despondent. Both characters experience the loss of a parent: Jane is a literal orphan; David’s loss is metaphorical, then literal. When Jane Eyre begins, Jane has already lost both parents and is under the guardianship of her aunt, Sarah Reed. Reed and her children, Jane’s cousins, are abusive to Jane and never accept Jane as family. Jane has lost both parents and with the death of her uncle, Sarah’s husband and an advocate for Jane, Jane is without any caring relationship. In addition to being without affection, Jane must endure torment. It is this lack of adoration that leads Jane to seek acceptance throughout her life, while attempting t...
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“Jane Eyre” by Charlotte Bronte is a novel about an orphan girl growing up in a tough condition and how she becomes a mature woman with full of courage. Her life at Gateshead is really difficult, where she feels isolated and lives in fear in her childhood. Her parents are dead when she was little, her dead uncle begged his evil wife, Mrs. Reed, to take care of Jane until she becomes an adult. But Mrs. Reed does not keep her promise, no one treats Jane like their family members even treats her less than a servant. By the end of this essay it will be proven that Jane’s life at Gateshead has shaped her development as a young woman and bildungsroman.
Just as Marianne must experience a considerable amount of maturity, so too must Catherine Morland of Northanger Abbey (1818) when she is first meet by readers. Unlike the characters of Elizabeth and Elinor, who are known for their cleverness and good sense, Catherine’s: “mind [is] about as ignorant and uniformed as the female mind at seventeen usually is” . Despite her immaturity Catherine has an affectionate heart “disposition cheerful and open, without conceit or affection of any kind – her manners just removed from the awkwardness and shyness of a girl; her persona pleasing, and, when in good looks, pretty” . In the development of both her protagonist and plotline, Austen parodies the popular Gothic novel of the day by calling Catherine a “heroine” in the very first sentence of the book: “No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would have supposed her born to be an heroine” . Austen is of course using irony, as she is comically referring to the usual heroine portrayed in such novels, beautiful damsels in distress who are waiting to be rescued by a handsome man. Catherine is not one of these heroines; she is simply an ordinary girl waiting for something to happen. Before she is able to discover her hero she must learn how to assess the character of others, and learn how to understand herself before she can claim the title of “heroine”.
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