James Joyce is the author of Dubliners, a compilation of Irish short stories that reflect on the feelings he associates with the city of Dublin, where he grew up in a large impoverished family. After he graduated from the University College, Dublin, Joyce went to live abroad in Paris, France. This action indicates a sense of entrapment that led to his desire to escape. The situations in his stories differ significantly, but each character within these stories experiences this sense of escape that Joyce had. In “An Encounter”, two boys make their first real move at being independent by skipping school to explore Dublin. In “Eveline”, the main character has a choice between taking care of her unstable father or leaving him to lead a new life with a man she has been seeing. In Joyce’s story, “The Dead,” a young man is thrown into deep human assessment, becomes unsure of who he is, and soon after is frightened of this newly discovered truth. The stories in Dubliners implicate this need for independence through characters in different situations and experiencing the feeling of entrapment.
“Dubliners” by James Joyce was first published in 1914. It is a collection of short stories, which takes place in the same general area and time frame, moving from one individual’s story to the next. Boysen in “The Necropolis of Love: James Joyce’s Dubliners” discuses the way the citizens of Dublin are caught in this never ending misery because of the lack of love- mainly instituted by the “criminalization of sensual love” from the church- and the economic stress, and struggle to survive. Zack Brown goes through the individual short stories, pointing out their references to paralysis, as well as a few other themes in “Joyce’s Prophylactic Paralysis: Exposure in “Dubliners.”” “James Joyce’s usage of Diction in Representation of Irish Society in Dubliners” by Daronkolaee discuses the background knowledge of the culture and particular details of the city that enhance the understanding of the reader and enforce the ideas presented by Boysen and broken down by Brown. These analytical articles help support the idea that Joyce uses
It is a way to crucially engage oneself in setting the stage for new interventions and connections. She also emphasized that she personally viewed poetry as the embodiment of one’s personal experiences, and she challenged what the white, European males have imbued in society, as she declared, “I speak here of poetry as the revelation or distillation of experience, not the sterile word play that, too often, the white fathers distorted the word poetry to mean — in order to cover their desperate wish for imagination without insight.”
Joyce Carol Oates, an American writer, holds a unique place in twentieth century literature. She won acclaim during her lifetime as a novelist and essayist and short story writer. The themes of Joyce Carol Oates are imposing and she portrays the social and psychological problems which are faced by the contemporary men and women in their day-to-day life. She is at her best in projecting the harsh and violent world of the present time. She presents a realistic sensation of life with a moral lesson to the reader. Joyce Carol Oates, like any other writer, selects out of the vast store of her experience. Daniel Hoffman says in his Harvard Guide to Contemporary American Writing, “Creativity thrived with alienation, some postwar writers insisted-or at least they held that the condition of alienation which had played a nurturing role in fostering modern art, literature, and thought was too precious a heritage to sell for an academic chair or a government post” (8).
James Joyce’s Dubliners is a collection of short stories that aims to portray middle class life in Dublin, Ireland in the early twentieth century. Most of the stories are written with themes such as entrapment, paralysis, and epiphany, which are central to the flow of the collection of stories as a whole. Characters are usually limited financially, socially, and/or by their environment; they realize near the end of each story that they cannot escape their unfortunate situation in Dublin. These stories show Joyce’s negative opinion of the ancient Irish city .The final story, “The Dead,” was added later than the others; consequently, “The Dead” has a more positive tone and is often an exception to generalizations made about Dubliners. An example of the distinction of “The Dead” is in Joyce’s use of sensory imagery. In stories such as “Araby” and “A Painful Case,” Joyce describes the loss of hearing and vision through the use of descriptive imagery in order to describe the perpetual paralysis and resulting limitation that the character is experiencing; however, in “The Dead,” the main character develops more sensitive hearing abilities to demonstrate the emergence of an opportunity to escape his unfortunate circumstances in Dublin.
James Joyce created a collection of short stories in Dubliners describing the time and place he grew up in. At the time it was written, Joyce intends to portray to the people of Dublin the problems with the Irish lifestyles. Many of these stories share a reoccurring theme of a character’s desire to escape his or her responsibilities in regards to his relationship with his, job, money situation, and social status; this theme is most prevalent in After the Race, Counterparts, and The Dead.
Throughout the novel Dubliners, James Joyce renders the theme of paralysis and the aspiration to escape through his compilation of fictional short stories. Joyce depicts the impotent individuals who endeavor the idea of escaping, but are often paralyzed by their situations, resulting in their inability to escape the separate circumstances exemplified within each short story. Furthermore, the recurring theme of escape and paralysis is evident within the short stories, “An Encounter”, “Eveline”, and “A Little Cloud.” Consequently, these short stories imparts the protagonists’ perspectives to subdue the paralysis of their situations and conveys their inability to escape their undesirable conditions, constraining them to inadequate lives.
The relationship between the human body and sexuality is a recurring motif present in much of Walt Whitman’s poetry that demonstrates his fascination with the human body and sexual experience. The human body is not only a major theme, but also a prominent conceptual device; Whitman’s utilization of body metaphors recognize that the body is the ground of human understanding to which all concepts will ultimately relate back to. The body is not only a source of pleasure, but also a source of delight; a mixture of sexual pleasure and sympathetic emotions that bind one person to another. The discussion of sexuality includes intertwining themes of “manly love” and “sexual love,” with emphasis on intense passionate attraction and interaction, along with bodily contact. Whitman goes so far to differentiate between the “amativeness” for man-woman love and “adhesiveness” for “manly love” in his dealings with sexuality. For Whitman, “sex will not be put aside; it is a great ordination of the universe” (Poetry and Prose 535). Whitman treats sex with complete openness, celebrating it as “something not in itself gross or impure, but entirely consistent with highest manhood and womanhood, and indispensable to both” (Prose Works 491-493). In his poetry, he attempts to remove “the veil” of the “forbidden voices” of sex, illuminating and transfiguring its “indecent” voices (Leaves of Grass 5). Simultaneously, Whitman’s discussion of sexuality includes an equation of the body and the soul, defining sexual experiences as spiritual. Whitman’s frank exploration of same-sex desire and relationships are represented through his in-depth exploration of human sexuality and the human body, justifying his bold assertions of same-sex attraction through the uti...
Throughout the stories in Dubliners by James Joyce we notice elements of the unpleasant paralyzing effect of Dublin. Dublin is portrayed as a catalyst for the inability of its citizens to move forward in their lives. The characters that Joyce writes about create a general idea of the paralysis observed in residents of Dublin. We can recognize elements of “generational paralysis” in the stories that depict children, in particular, with parents and/or guardians who already exhibit the perils resulting from this form of paralysis. These children really have no chance in life to have a future beyond Dublin. As readers, we experience instances when characters of Dubliners have tried to move away but are still held back by the paralyzing effects
In Dubliners, James Joyce tells short stories of individuals struggling with life, in the city of Dublin. “It is a long road that has no turning” (Irish Proverb). Many individuals fight the battle and continue on the road. However, some give up and get left behind. Those who continue to fight the battle, often deal with constant struggle and suffering. A reoccurring theme, in which Joyce places strong emphasis on, is the constant struggle of fulfilling responsibilities. These responsibilities include; work, family and social expectations. Joyce writes about these themes because characters often feel trapped and yearn to escape from these responsibilities. In “The Little Cloud”, “Counterparts”, and “The Dead” characters are often trapped in unhappy living situations, often leading to a desire of escape from reality and daily responsibilities.