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Investigation the Factors that Affect Enzyme Controlled Reactions
Planning
In this experiment I am going to try and find out the factors that
affect enzyme controlled reactions by using the Catalase in potato.
Enzymes are non-living and act as biological catalysts, which speed up
reactions. They can change shape if the temperature changes. Enzymes
are made up of active sites (the lock) and only certain shaped
substrates can fit into them to cause a chemical reaction.
To work out this experiment, I am going to use a formula of:
2H2O2-using catalase to become 2H2O+O2
I will use a set of five pH's to get my readings from the collected
oxygen. The amount of oxygen is directly related to the rate of
catalase activity. Factors affecting the rate of an enzyme-controlled
reaction are the independent; pH buffer and the controlled ones;
temperature, substrate concentration, time (rate of reaction), and
enzyme concentration.
The factor I am going to investigate is an investigation into the
effects of pH on the breakdown of H2O2 by catalase. To make the
investigation fair I'm going to control my variables. To control pH I
will use a buffer which will always be 5cm3, the substrate
concentration will stay the same every time, this means the volume of
H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) will always be 5cm3 each time, the tests will
all be done at room temperature, the tests will be repeated to get an
average and my weight of potato will be the same for each of the
experiments.
Potato is good substance because it contains many active sites to
react with. I will be changing the pH in order to measure the effects
on the rate of catalase activity. In this experiment the five pH's I
will be using are: pH2, pH4, pH6, pH8 and pH 10.
At low pH's the enzymes are denatured because the pH interferes with
the bonding of the amino acids and the shape of the active site is
changed. As you increase the pH, the enzymes and substrates gain more
== == = == 1. The pH meter is calibrated, using a buffer solution of accurately known pH. 2.
In the pH homeostasis lab, 6 experiments were conducted. The hypotheses were: If base is added to water then the pH will increase; If acid is added to water then the pH will decrease; If base is added to homogenate, then the pH will increase; If acid is added to homogenate, then the pH will decrease; If acid or base is added to buffer, then the pH will remain the same. After the experiments were conducted, the graphs were somewhat similar to the hypotheses.
Investigation of How the Concentration of Catalase Enzyme Affects the Rate of Reaction Aim: To find out how the concentration of Catalase Enzyme will affect the enzyme activity and the rate of reaction towards Hydrogen Peroxide. (H O ) Prediction: I predict that with the higher concentration of enzyme, the likelihood of it breaking down molecules will be greater because there will be more enzymes to work at the substrate and the chances of it colliding will be higher making the activity time quicker. Equipment: · Syringe · Measuring Cylinder (×2) · Knife · Blender · Beakers (×2) · Balance · Hydrochloric Acid in a beaker · Stop clock · Potato · Water in a beaker Preliminary Experiment: In this experiment we will be using an enzyme called Catalase. By using different amounts of this enzyme we will be diluting it with water to test how the concentration of Catalase affects the rate of reaction with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Investigating the Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase Reaction. Planning -Aim : The aim of the experiment is to examine how the concentration of the substrate (Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O2) affects the rate of reaction. the enzyme (catalase).
The project I am doing has to do with the mixing of acids and bases with assorted pH levels and recording the results. pH levels are a scale of 0-14 that measure the acidity or base content of a chemical. I became interested in this project when I first experimented with the "Volcano" project a few years ago. I wanted to investigate why this happened, how it happened, and see if I could make it better. If you have done the Volcano project, you would know that you use more vinegar than you do baking soda, but you might not know how much more.
Investigating Factors that Affect the Rate of Catalase Action Investigation into the factors which affect the rate of catalase action. Planning Aim: To investigate the affect of concentration of the enzyme catalase on the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme: Catalase is an enzyme found within the cells of many different plants and animals. In this case, it is found in celery.
Planning Firstly here is a list of equipment I used. Boiling tubes Weighing scales Knife Paper towels 100% solution 0% solution (distilled water) measuring beakers potato chips Cork borer. We planned to start our experiment by doing some preliminary work. We planned to set up our experiment in the following way.
Enzymes in general are very interesting to learn from and are fundamental in carrying out processes in various organisms. Enzymes are proteins that control the speed of reactions, they help quicken the rate of the reaction and also help cells to communicate with each other. There are 3 main groups of enzymes, first are the metabolic enzymes that control breathing, thinking, talking, moving, and immunity. Next are the digestive enzymes that digest food and normally end with –ase, there are 22 known digestive enzymes and examples of these are Amylase, Protease, and Lipase. The final group are the Food or plant enzymes which is what my enzyme that I’m studying falls under. Papain gets its name because it comes from papaya fruit, its main purpose is to break down proteins and break peptide bonds however it is not only used in the Papaya fruit and has many external uses. It was also very helpful in the 1950s when scientists were trying to understand enzymes. It also helps us to this day understand Protein structural studies and peptide mapping. Without enzymes, reactions in the body would not happen fast enough and would tarnish our way of life which is why it is vital that we study and learn from them.
Plan 1. Collect 4 different sized beakers 2. Boil some water in the kettle 3. Pour 50ml into each beaker 4. After 1 minute check temperature 5.
From looking at the results I can conclude that when the pH was 3 and
If I was to do this experiment again I might use a Fungi amylase to
Furthermore, an additional method to use other hydrochloric acids that have different concentration levels such as 1 M and 2.5 M ones, can improve the outcome of the results. This increases the variation of the independent variable, which accordingly increases the precision of results.
The Industrial Uses of Enzymes Enzymes are catalysts made up of polymers of Amino Acids, and they’re very useful inside and outside our body. Enzymes, like other catalysts, speed up chemical reactions, and over 700 of their kind are known in today’s world, since being discovered in the 1850s. There are many industrial applications of enzymes, and they speed up processes that could take years to be completed. FERMENTATION: Making beer and whisky was known to humans for the past 8,000 years. This process is known as Fermentation, where yeast feeds on a certain kind of fruit, like grapes, to produce alcohol.
I decided to experiment with pHs within the range pH 2 to pH7, as I