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Theory of alcohol
Assignment on scientific research methodology
Quasi experimental design examples
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Investigating Which Alcohol is the Best Fuel
AIM: I am carrying out an investigation to see which alcohol is the
best fuel. I will do this by experimenting with different alcohols and
setting them alight and measuring different factors. I will analyse
all my results and try to discover patterns, which should help me to
conclude which alcohol is the best fuel.
PLAN
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This is how my experiment will be set out:
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Keeping this experiment a fair test
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There are many variables in this experiment that can effect the
outcome of this experiment. The dependant variables that I will keep
the same will be the height of the tin can above the wick. I will keep
this the same because different heights can effect the heat that is
transferred to the tin can and into the water, therefore altering the
temperature change. I will use the same tin can so that the experiment
is fair and that different cans may be of different thicknesses so
allowing different amounts of heat through. I will keep the amount of
water that I put inside the tin can, the same for each experiment to
be fair. I will decide on this amount from my preliminary experiment.
The time for each experiment will also be kept the same to ensure the
water has had equal amounts of time for it to heat up, again I will
decide on the time from my preliminary experiment. The independent
variables that I am measuring are the weight of the alcohol in the
burner, both before and after the experiment, and also the temperature
difference from before and after the experiments. I will also make
sure that I take the lid off of the burner as late as possible, only
when the burner it to be lit. This is because when the lid comes off a
smell is released, so some gas is released which could alter my
readings for the mass. This will also apply when replacing the lid
Jane Parks-Mckay, 63, placed a boiling pot of macaroni on the stove and lit the flame when she noticed grease ringing in the burner. During this time, she had an idea that seemed logical at the time. She pulled out a roll of paper towels that she had dipped in vinegar, and she started to clean. The flame still continued.
Two equations were used in this experiment to determine the initial temperature of the hot water. The first equation
Tf-Ti). Next, subtract the initial temperature, 25 degrees from the final temperature, 29 degrees putting the change in temperature at 4 °C. To calculate the heat absorbed by the water in calorimeter, use the formula (q = mCΔT). Plug in 50 mL for (m), 4.184 J for (C) and 4 °C for the initial temperature (ΔT), then multiply.
This was both a success and failure. It was a failure because after heating the
· I made sure I put the same amount of water in the copper can.
The crucible and lid are heated at the beginning of the experiment before being weighed so that any moisture in the crucible is burned away.
Alternative energy is the world’s race as of now. As the space race concluded and the nuclear arms race died down, alternative energy became the race of the ages. In today’s society, with today’s technology there are all sorts of forms of alternative energies. These energies include hydro power, geothermal, biomass, nuclear power, and so much more. With all of these variations of alternative energy the question now becomes, which form is the best to use? Are any of them safe? Which ones would effectively solve the world’s depleting energy crisis? Of course, the country that is able to produce clean efficient energy; that country would become the new world power virtually overnight. With today’s technology, should we resort to food/corn as our primary source of energy?
Both gasoline and ethanol have been around since the time of Henry Ford. Gasoline has been the more accessible of all of them. Ethanol and natural gas have been gaining more support over the years and now gasoline contains ten percent ethanol. Propane is mostly used in fleet vehicles. Cars today can run on gasoline with a little ethanol, but too much ethanol can severely damage a vehicle. Only flex fuel vehicles can handle more than ten percent ethanol in a system. Natural gas vehicles are starting to come onto the market. All three fuels have their pros and cons, but the ultimate decision is up to the consumer.
Energy transfer had occurred with the “warmer” temperature (water) tried equalizing with the “colder” temperature (ice). But, when this happened, a phase change occurred. As the table above indicates, when the water temperature reached 0 degrees Celsius, it stayed the same because the water particles were losing kinetic energy which led the particles to stop colliding. Once this happened the particles created bonds against each other which resulted in ice. This phase change occurred from the 24 minute mark all the way to the 30 minute mark. Heat of fusion had started from the 24 minutes
By adding fresh cold water it should cool the copper calorimeter. By making sure I do these checks before I do the experiment means that I should be able to get accurate results as the test will have been run fairly and hopefully successfully as there should not have been anything gone wrong. To make sure all the measurements are correct, I will also run checks. These checks when recording the data are. Make sure to check the thermometer to see what temperature the water is at the start, so I am able to see what it has to be when its been heated by 10 degrees.
water has risen to 60°c I will then put the lid on the spirit burner
Investigating Factors Affecting the Heat of Combustion of Alcohols PLANNING SECTION Introduction ------------ Alcohols are organic substances, and consist of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. All alcohols are toxic but the amount that can be tolerated by the human body varies for different alcohols. For example drinking small amounts of Methanol can lead to blindness and even death.
- Temperature was measured after and exact time i.e. 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes.
With the fuel crisis that is happening in the world today it is now more important than ever to begin the look towards alternative fuel sources. One smart step for the US would be to wean the country slowly off of the gasoline fix and to look into alternative fuels to replace the “never coming back” fossil fuels. It turns out that Ethanol as a hybrid fuel proves to be a notable candidate for this gasoline intervention, per say. Now the United States is currently looking to subsidize fossil fuel alternatives. However, before considering ethanol production as a governmental subsidy, using large amounts of hard earned tax payer money, there has to be many alternative factors that come into play such as making sure the pros out weight the cons as far as environmental benefits and performance output and not to mention looking at the entire matter from an economic or investment perspective. First we need to consider what the ethanol we are talking about actually is and how can we obtain it.
Alcohol is a class of organic compounds that is characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. Alcohol was unknowingly produced centuries ago when fermentation occurred to crushed grapes (Pines, 1931). In today’s society alcohol is produced for the use of household products such as varnishes, cleaning products, but is more commercially important in the liquor business. A chemical process called fermentation accomplishes the production of ethanol, the alcohol or liquor. From there, the ethanol goes through distinct processes to become the dark and clear liquors on the store shelves.