Investigating Whether There is a Link Between The Number of Carbon Atoms in a Fuel and the Amount of Heat Produced
Aim
The aim is to investigate if there is a link between the number of
carbon atoms in a fuel and the amount of heat produced by that fuel.
Prediction
I predict that the more carbon atoms that are in a fuel, the more heat
the fuel will generate.
Risk Assessment
There are some safety precautions that will have to be taken when the
experiment is carried out. These will be determined by the hazards
that are in the room and hazards that could occur.
These are:
Ÿ Heatproof mat
Ÿ Goggles
Ÿ Tie tucked in shirt
Ÿ Hair clipped back
Ÿ The alcohol’s are flammable so care must be taken with them
Ÿ Equipment might get hot
Ÿ There will be naked flames
Equipment used and reasons
³ Calorimeter - this is used to hold water. This is used because
it is non flammable so even when in close contacts with the fuels, it
will not burn.
³ Tripod - this is used to keep calorimeter at a safe distance
away from the fuels.
³ Heat proof mat - this is used so that the desk does not get
burned or marked when the fuels are burning.
³ Thermometer - this is used to measure the temperature of the
water, before and after the experiment.
³ Measuring cylinder - this was used to measure the 100ml of water
that was needed for the experiment.
³ Alcohols - this is used as the fuels for the experiment
³ Foil - this is used to stop heat escaping for the fuels so that
the water heats up more quickly.
³ Balances - this is used to weight the fuels before and after
aluminum foil to preserve heat transfer. The thermometer is sticking out of the aluminum foil.
· I made sure I put the same amount of water in the copper can.
Experiment to Compare the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols Introduction: This plan will try to outline how the experiment of comparing changes of combustion of different alcohols will be conducted and what results are expected. Background When chemical reactions take place they are often accompanied by energy changes. Chemical reactions most frequently occur in open vessels. That is, they take place at constant pressure. Enthalpy refers to energy at constant pressure (volume may vary).
Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols Aim: The aim of this experiment is to find out how the enthalpy change (total energy released when the alcohols are completely combusted in a plentiful supply of air) for 5 different alcohols is affected by the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol and other factors contributing to the molecular structure. Prediction: I predict that as the amount of carbon atoms in the alcohol increases, the higher the enthalpy of combustion will be. I have made this prediction, using the values for the enthalpy change of combustion for each alcohol, calculated using bond enthalpies and Hess' law. Methanol's molecular formula is CH3OH. This is the basic structure for all the alcohols, then to make the larger ones an extra carbon is added to the existing carbon each time and the oxygen-hydrogen molecule gets added to the atoms added to the new carbon atom When methanol combusts in air, it reacts with oxygen molecules to from water and carbon dioxide.
used during the combustion. I can now light it and let it burn. I will
Materials of different types will exhibit varied changes in temperature when transferred the same amount of heat. This variation is a result of the difference in properties displayed from one material to another, known as "heat capacity." Every substance has a variable, positive valued heat capacity that represents the amount of heat required to initiate a specific temperature change. (Hechinger, page 1) For ideal gases, there are heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure given by:
due to its high resistance to oils and grease, and its slippery and wax-like properties, it is used to coat various cookwares2
The gasification in presence of air produces a low calorific value gas (LCV) of about 4000-7000 KJ/Nm3 (Higher Heating Value) though gasification in the presence of oxygen produces to an average calorific value gas (MCV) of 12000-18000 KJ/Nm3 (HHV). Oxygen gasification process is a very expensive process. The over-all biomass gasification process is depicted in Figure 1.6.
To investigate the relationship between three different alkanols in terms of their carbon chain length, rate of increased temperature, and heat of combustion, in order to determine which is the most efficient at heating water to a certain temperature whilst reducing time and effects on the environment.
...tar like substance that is applied on to the skin and leaves it on for a few minutes. It is then washed off to prevent the skin from getting irritated.
· A good fuel should produce a lot of heat energy and use a small
Investigating Factors Affecting the Heat of Combustion of Alcohols PLANNING SECTION Introduction ------------ Alcohols are organic substances, and consist of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. All alcohols are toxic but the amount that can be tolerated by the human body varies for different alcohols. For example drinking small amounts of Methanol can lead to blindness and even death.
The link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases
As an outcome, researchers around the globe have established that the by-product of burning fossil fuels is the main culprit of the increasing temperatures. Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels have
made from oil and natural gas. Using plastics to replace packaging materials such as metal