Article II Section 15 of the 1987 Constitution provides that “the State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them.” It is the role of the government to guarantee “access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and regulation of providers of health goods and services (Department of Health, 2011).” To deliver these health care rights to individuals, several reforms have been enacted and implemented such as the Republic Act 7600 or The Rooming-In and Breast-feeding Act of 1992 which was extended in 2009 by providing facilitiesfor breastmilk collection and storage (Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act 2009), and the National Health Insurance Act of 1995 which provides accessible health care services for all Filipino citizens through the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) (Romualdez, et al., 2011). In terms of financing health services, the budget appropriated for the department of health (DOH) follows an annual raise exemplified by the attained 64% increase from Php 51.9 billion in 2013 to Php 85.2 billion in 2014 (Department of Budget and Management [DBM], 2014). Despite a greater allocation for health services annually, disparities between nominal spending and actual health expenditure per capita show the increase in total health care expenditure per capita is due to “inflation rather than service expansion” (Health Service Delivery Profile, 2012; Romualdez, et al., 2011). At 53% in 2011, dependence on out-of-pocket payments prevails as the main source with the largest share in total health spending, far from the targets based on the Health Sector Reform Agenda: 40% from the government and 30% and 2... ... middle of paper ... ...file_philippines.pdf Philippines. National Statistics Coordination Board. (2013, October). Philippine National Health Accounts. Retrieved from: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/pnha/publication/NSCB_PNHA%202005-2011.pdf Phil. Const. art II, § 15. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation. (2013, December 31). Stats and Charts 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.philhealth.gov.ph/about_us/statsncharts/snc2013.pdf Romualdez, A., dela Rosa, J. F., Flavier, J. D., Quimbo, S. L., Hartigan-Go, K., Lagrada, L., & David, L. (2011). The Philippine Health System Review. Health Systems in Transition, 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.wpro.who.int/philippines/areas/health_systems/financing/philippines_health_system_review.pdf World Health Organization. (2011). World Health Statistics. World Health Organization Press. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS2011_Full.pdf
Monitoring a health and social care team’s performance is essential so that any threats to its service delivery, are identified early and corrective actions taken. There are two dimensions of team functioning: the tasks the team are required to do, and the social climate that impacts on how they operate. The social climate will determine how team members cope with diversity of opinions, accept difference and resolve conflict.
For decades, one of the many externalities that the government is trying to solve is the rising costs of healthcare. "Rising healthcare costs have hurt American competitiveness, forced too many families into bankruptcy to get their families the care they need, and driven up our nation's long-term deficit" ("Deficit-Reducing Healthcare Reform," 2014). The United States national government plays a major role in organizing, overseeing, financing, and more so than ever delivering health care (Jaffe, 2009). Though the government does not provide healthcare directly, it serves as a financing agent for publicly funded healthcare programs through the taxation of citizens. The total share of the national publicly funded health spending by various governments amounts to 4 percent of the nation's gross domestic product, GDP (Jaffe, 2009). By 2019, government spending on Medicare and Medicaid is expected to rise to 6 percent and 12 percent by 2050 (Jaffe, 2009). The percentages, documented from the Health Policy Brief (2009) by Jaffe, are from Medicare and Medicaid alone. The rapid rates are not due to increase of enrollment but growth in per capita costs for providing healthcare, especially via Medicare.
Healthcare is one of the main pillars of development that hold a country in great position. The aim of every healthcare organization is to provide quality medical care to all human beings right from infants to old generation (Koutsogeorgou, 2014). Usually, this is achieved by having adequate medicine, competent and enough medical staffs, sufficient medical centers or hospitals as well as efficient and effective medical equipment. Besides, the government also plays a vital role in ensuring that every citizen gets the best medical care as a means of reducing high mortality rates that affect their people. However, many of these health facilities face many challenges and instead of keeping death rates low, the reverse happens. Lately, hospitals in Venezuela have been underperforming, and this has been characterized by increased infant mortality as well as lack of medicine in those hospitals, a factor that has contributed much to the current crisis facing the country. Based on the background mentioned above, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate what has contributed to the crisis, how is has happened, and the possible recommendation or course of action that can be undertaken to correct the situation.
Despite the established health care facilities in the United States, most citizens do not have access to proper medical care. We must appreciate from the very onset that a healthy and strong nation must have a proper health care system. Such a health system should be available and affordable to all. The cost of health services is high. In fact, the ...
There are several drivers that affect the functionality of health care systems. These entities or controllers move medical services in different directions and substantiate the need for change in organizations around the world. One pressing issue that has caused concern for the United States and other nations is demographics (Drivers of change). Demographics is defined by the growth and age of the people, as well as the diversity of the community (Drivers of change). In the U.S., the average age of the public has increased substantially due to longer life spans (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2012). This results in a maximization of hospital visits and cost to society (Shi & Singh, 2012). Unlike other countries, our health practices do not offer the best care at free or manageable cost (Reid, 2008). This nation is expected to continue to expand by 25% at the end of 2025 (Drivers of change). As a result, health disparities will require diversification of access, utilization, quality, and the health environment (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2012). A need for cultural integrity must be instituted for all people based on race, ethnic background, religion, and class (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2012).
The person pursues healthcare service with great expectations such as quality health care, latest technological interventions and low cost for their service. Nowadays, one of the challenges facing by the health care providers is providing appropriate care and identifying their needs in a cost effective and comprehensive way without compromising the quality of care. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) reported “an rise in healthcare spending from $2.34 trillion in 2008 to $ 2.47 trillion in 2009, the largest one year increase since 1960” (Pickert, K, 2010). “The action to improve the American health care delivery system as a whole, in all of its quality dimensions such as efficiency, effectiveness, equitability, timeliness, patient-centeredness, and safety for all Americans” (IOM, 2011).
The health care system in the United States is one of the most complex forms of healthcare system. What makes the system complex is that there are multiple factors involved. For example, there are multiple players and payers involved in the system. This includes physicians, administrator of health services institutions, insurance companies, large employers and lastly the Government Shi & Singh, 2012). Each of these players and payers are involved to protect their own economic interest. Hospitals for instances, wants to maximize reimbursement from both private and public insurers. Insurance companies and managed care organizations are concerned with how they can maintain their share of the health care insurance market, while physicians seek to maximize their income and have minimal interference with the way they practice medicine (Shi & Singh, 2012). It is obvious that there is no centrality of the health care system. In other words, there is no one department or in particular government body that is unilaterally in charge of the administration of the health care system as it is in the other developed nations where they have a single payer system, which is the government. Instead, the U. S. has health system that is financed by private sectors. According to Shi and Singh,(2012), 54% of total health care expenditures is privately financed through employers , while the remaining 46% is financed by the government. Lack of centrality in monitoring the total expenditures through global budgets or control over the availability and utilization of services coupled with most hospitals and clinics now been privately owned may potential...
Do you enjoy paying medical bills? Healthcare accounts for about 1/6 of the entire economy, more than any other industry. Researchers find that the spending on health care totals about $2.5 trillion which is about 17.5% of America’s gross domestic product: a measure of the value of all goods and services produced in the United States (New Health Insurance). It covers money paid to health care providers such as hospitals, outpatient centers, veterans’ affairs and other clinics, doctor and dentist practices, physical therapists, nursing homes, home health services and on-site care at places such as schools and work sites. Also included are retail sales of prescription and nonprescription drugs, premiums paid to health insurers, and revenues of makers of medical devices, surgical equipment and durable medical equipment such as eyeglasses, hearing aids and wheelchairs. It also counts out-of-pocket payments by consumers for health insurance premiums, deductibles and co-payments, along with costs not covered by insurance. Healthcare is one of the biggest economic problems Americans are facing. Medical care and health insurance expenses are impacting the lives of many Americans today. The focus problem, which once was uninsured Americans inability to pay for their medical care expenses are no longer a problem that is affecting only those who are uninsured, but is also steadily becoming a problem for those with health insurance. The problems of health care are affecting many American people: the uninsured/underinsured and insured, the unemployed and working, children and retirees, single individuals and families, men, women and small businesses. The list goes on. These problems can be solved in a dramatic reform to socialized healthcare. ...
The U.S. expends far more on healthcare than any other country in the world, yet we get fewer benefits, less than ideal health outcomes, and a lot of dissatisfaction manifested by unequal access, the significant numbers of uninsured and underinsured Americans, uneven quality, and unconstrained wastes. The financing of healthcare is also complicated, as there is no single payer system and payment schemes vary across payors and providers.
Since the 60s, government budgets have been influenced by the need to finance healthcare especially the cost of Medicare and Medicaid benefits. According to CMS’ National Health Expenditure Projections , total health care expenditures have grown by an average of 2.5 percentage points faster per year than the nation‘s Gross Domestic Product. For about 60 percent of workers who receive some form of health care coverage from their employers, the cost of their health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses have increased significantly faster than their own wages; and between 1999 and 2008, both average health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket costs for deductibles, co-payments for medications, and co-insura...
According to the World Bank, the budget for 2014 universal health care system of Indonesia was at 4.86 billion dollars to care for 240 million people (N. Mboi 2015). And about 80000 villages. The healthcare system is a universal health care system that 's run by the government of Indonesia called, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). The health care system is seeing overseen by the Minister of Health. It 's interesting to note that just as Britain the wealthy do not utilize this health care system and in the fact that of 1800 hospitals 650 of them are private those private hospitals do you not meet the accreditation of the Ministry of Health but that doesn 't stop the wealthy from continuing to go to these facilities. Girl according to the World Health Organization Indonesia ranks 92nd out of 190 countries in the same rating system it 's worth noting that Britain ranks 18th. Now let 's look at the dominant characteristics of
About 75% of health infrastructure, medical professionals and other health resources are localised in urban areas where 27% of the population live. The poor penetration and the basic nature of rural health is also attributed to lack of health litera...
Roughly 2.8 trillion dollars is spent currently on health care in the United States (Kliff, 2014). In 2013, the United States spent almost 50 percent more than the next highest health care spender, France (The Commonwealth Fund, 2016). Many experts agree health care costs consumes a significant portion of economic output as well as increased premium costs. Several factors are contributing to cost escalation such as defensive medicine, increase in the elderly population, and growth of technology (Shi & Singh, 2016). The United States is considered to have mostly a private health care system, however it spends more money on the public health care system than countries with a completely public health care system. Government funded programs, such as Medicare, play a considerable roll in health care expenditures. It is projected that Medicare expenditures will rise to 9 percent of the GDP by the year 2050 (Shi & Singh, 2016). Further concern arises with drug costs in the United
The right to health contains entitlements. These entitlements are access to essential medicines, the right to prevention, treatment, and control of disease, maternal, health related education, and participation. Prevention plays an important role in maintain public health, particularly children’s health. Vaccinating children, as well as awareness campaigns, can lead to a significant reduction in health risks. Additionally, spreading basic information about hygiene, nutritional needs, etc., as well as the circulation of simple illustrations reminding people of the fundamental rules are very efficient actions for informing populations and improving healthy behavior. (“Understanding Children’s Right to Health”, n.d.). Therefore, if people have right to health it will result into prevention and more awareness about
Philippines: Country Profile 2004 1 Dec. 2004 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2004 15 Dec. 2004 www.eiu.com