The following literature review aims to provide an introduction to robots. Robots have been fascinating us from many years. They are the part of our life in fields like research, development, medicine, defense and even novels and movies. Robots have simplified our job to great extent. They have provided efficient, reliable and safe mode of working hands to human beings. Due to robotic systems, men are now able to perform distant operations. The line follower is a self operating robot that follows a line drawn on the floor. The robot will only follow a line that is black against a white background or a white line against black background. This is so that the sensors can distinguish a clear difference in light and so the robot can trace and follow the line. The optical sensors are mounted at front end of the robot. Running speed is limited during passing a curve due to friction of the tire and the floor. The Encyclopedia Britannica describes a robot as; “Automatically operated machines that replace human effort, though they do not resemble human beings or function in a human-like manner.” (2005) This description fits all robots ranging from an automatic conveyor belt found at supermarkets, to a fully autonomous robot from a functional perspective. Robots are a compilation of sensors, processors and manipulators which allow a robot to perform its purpose. Systematically, sensors provide input to a robot about both itself and its environment. Line following robots can be of great use in large industries where goods are needed to transport along a predefined path, thereby increasing the productivity and efficiency of the industries and could be helpful in enhancing the research work in space technology. 2.2 Types of Robots: Robots... ... middle of paper ... ...generator or dynamo. Frequently, an electric motor will apply the electromagnetism concept. The fundamental principle upon which electromagnetic motors are based is that there is a mechanical force on any current- carrying wire contained within a magnetic field. The motor will have two types. First is rotary motor and second one is linear motor. However, must of magnetic motor, it will rotate. In a rotary motor, the rotary part is called as rotor and the stationary part is called as stator. When the rotor rotate, the torque will be developed based on the rotor’s axis. The motor contains electromagnets that are wound on a frame. This frame is often called as armature. Correctly, the armature is that part of the motor across which the input voltage is supplied. Depending upon the design of the machine, either the rotor or the stator can serve as the armature.
Because of technology which is defined as the organization of ideas for practical use, people are able to invent and produce machines that have made work less tedious. Twenty years ago, people use their hands to make coffee. But now, coffee machines are everywhere. Similarly, communication through mobile devices has replaced letter writing. In the fast-paced world, humankind continues to find ways in which they can perform simple tasks in just a snap. By the next fifty years, it will not be impossible to invent machines that would have a mind of their own. In fact, robots that can perform various tasks are already existing at the present.
In contrast, while machines will never reach a status where they can be considered conscious, emotional, and intelligent humans, they still possess a bearing advantage over humanity. Humans are inherently extremely susceptible to influence taking a negative toll on their lives. Humans are vulnerable, frail, and exposed; traits that machines will never have to deal with. Such an advantage would normally be considered a good aspect, but this same advantage also serves as a crucial detail when differentiating human beings and machines. Self-adjusted machines might at some point reach a status where they meet the seven biological characteristics, which are “cell composition, organization, energy usage, environment awareness, growth, reproduction, and environment adaptation” (CK12 Foundation, n. pag); and while this would mean they are alive, it wouldn’t necessarily mean that they are human.
Marshall, Patrick. “Artificial Intelligence: Can ‘smart’ machines replace humans?” CQ Researcher 21.16 (2011): 368-384. Web. 24 March 2014.
Over the course of history, technology has had many advancements that human beings thought they would never be able to witness in their lifetimes. Today, many people never thought they would live to see the creation of robots. However, forms
Turing, Alan. "Intelligent machinery." n.d. The Turing Digital Archive. Images of typed document. 1 April 2014. .
2. Asimov, Isaac, and Karen A. Frankel. ROBOTS: Machines in Man's Image. New York: Harmony Books, 1985. p 2.
Asimov’s robots can be described as clumsy, hard-working, cost-efficient, soulless, strong, fast, obedient, human-made, a cleaner better breed, more human than man.
The force that that turns the armature comes from the magnetic field of the armature trying to line up with the external magnetic field of the stator. This force is called torque. This torque will cause the armature to turn until its magnetic field is aligned with the external field, but no further. How does the armature continue to spin? One of the magnetic fields must be changed so that the armature has to turn again. The armature will spin so long as there is always a torque acting on it. How this is accomplished is what sets each type of electric motor apart.
This makes them useful in fields such as space exploration, cleaning and the delivery of goods and services. An example of an autonomous robot is the robot vacuum cleaner which detects how
The Physics of an Electric Motor An electric motor is a device used to convert electric energy into rotational kinetic energy. There are two different types of electric motors, and each has its own use. The different types are direct current and alternating current motors. Each of these motors will be analyzed in the following steps.
This essay will show how common the robot will become within the next decade. It also shows how far computer technology
Scientific progress makes huge milestones toward developing new advanced technologies which are more and more present in human lives. Today robots replace people in many spheres such as health care, security and military, industry, education, entertainment and science. Role of robots becomes more significant because they are able to do the job which people are not able to perform well. Sometimes people are too lazy to do some routine work, due to such situation those tasks could be delegated to machines. People’s life become more technology based what makes demand for efficient robots larger. Engineers say that today robots look like machines, but in near future robots will have more human appearance, today they do some simple job, but in near future much more complicated tasks would be trusted to them. History of robotics goes far to the history when the ancient Greeks describes first devices that people were projected to fly to the sky like birds. In fact, heart of any robot is some program that direct the device and control it actions. Robot cannot perform the tasks that was not programmed in it and this if the factor what makes it quite limited in its actions. Current studies in robotics are aimed to remove those disadvantages and make robots more functional and universal through development of artificial intelligence that can operate independently. Curiosity of world community to robotics increase every day what make all the research and inventions in robotics more demanded. History of robots, resent achievement and future perspectives of robotics have to be studies and researched to understand what machines can give to humanity and what pros and cons exist in the r...
The first industrial robot, built in 1961, was a mechanical arm used to load presses. After the development of the computer and the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) in the 1970?s, the world saw great advances in the development of robotic control and the quality of robot manufacturing. As a result, there has been acceptance of the industrial robot world wide, improving the productivity and quality standards of industry (Hodges 3-5).
Robots are one of the artificial intelligence that made a breakthrough across all fields of life. In consequence, many research studies and projects regarding robots took place in the last decade. In addition, robots in the society could be one of the essential machines, due to their multitask system which could adjusted to any kind of performance. In general society could use these machines to fill manpower gap in short time with less cost. Therefore, robots can have huge positive effects on different fields of life such as emergency situations, daily chores, and manufacturing industry.