Internet Access: Flat Fee vs. Pay-Per-Use
Most Internet users are either not charged to access information, or pay a low-cost flat fee. The Information SuperHighway, on the other hand, will likely be based upon a pay-per-use model. On a gross level, one might say that the payment model for the Internet is closer to that of broadcast (or perhaps cable) television while the model for the Information SuperHighway is likely to be more like that of pay-per-view T.V.
"Pay-per-use" environments affect user access habits. "Flat fee" situations encourage exploration. Users in flat-fee environments navigate through webs of information and tend to make serendipitous discoveries. "Pay- per-use" situations give the public the incentive to focus their attention on what they know they already want, or to look for well-known items previously recommended by others. In "pay-per-use" environments, people tend to follow more traditional paths of discovery, and seldom explore totally unexpected avenues.
"Pay-per-use" environments discourage browsing. Imagine how a person's reading habits would change if they had to pay for each article they looked at in a magazine or newspaper.
Yet many of the most interesting things we learn about or find come from following unknown routes, bumping into things we weren't looking for. (Indeed,
Thomas Kuhn makes the claim that, even in the hard sciences, real breakthroughs and interesting discoveries only come from following these unconventional routes
[Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1962]).
And people who have to pay each time they use a piece of information are likely to increasingly rely upon specialists and experts. For example, in a situation where the reader will have to pay to read each paragraph of background on Bosnia, s/he is more likely to rely upon State Department summaries instead of paying to become more generally informed him/herself. And in the 1970s and
1980s the library world learned that the introduction of expensive pay-per-use databases discouraged individual exploration and introduced the need for intermediaries who specialized in searching techniques.
Producers vs. Consumers
On the Internet anyone can be an information provider or an information consumer. On the Information SuperHighway most people will be relegated to the role of information consumer.
Because services like "movies-on-demand" will drive the technological development of the Information SuperHighway, movies' need for high bandwidth into the home and only narrow bandwidth coming back out will likely dominate.
(see Besser, Howard. "Movies on Demand May Significantly Change the Internet",
Bulletin of the American Association for Information Science, October 1994)
Metaphorically, this will be like a ten-lane highway coming into the home and only a tiny path leading back out (just wide enough to take a credit card number
Bacon was a man of opportunity and when a farmer that tried to trade with Native Americans was killed, it became his ticket to making it big in the New World. Only the governor, William Berkley, was allowed to trade with the Native Americans and nobody else. When the farmer was killed, William Berkley denied the upset colonists their desire to fight back. In doing so, it led Bacon to challenge his authority. He began to rally up colonists living in the backcountry where the colonists had no representation, no opportunity to achieve a fortune, and lived in a hostile environment. Everything those colonists did not have would be Bacon’s leverage in convincing them to support him and his cause. He had led 1,000 men to fight with him in hopes to rule the colony and would make changes to their benefit. William Berkley then branded Bacon as a rebel and sent for British troops. Bacon and his supporters then went into the backcountry where he eventually died of
The British colonies in the 17th century were afflicted by many strenuous periods of tension that boiled over resulting in violent rebellions. Bacon’s Rebellion and the Stono rebellion are two such rebellions that rocked the colonies. These conflicts rose from tension between the governance of the colonies and those who they ruled over. The Stono Rebellion and Bacon’s Rebellion were both examples of the American people’s willful determination, unifying capability, and ability to fight back.
People in the Chesapeake colonies were unhappy with the rich aristocrats running the show. Francis Bacon led a revolt in Virginia against Governor Berkeley. He felt that the lack of unity among all citizens was apparent and needed to change. He felt that the government at the time was doing an inadequate job at public work i.e. safety, defense, advancement of trade (Document H). This problem was not present among the citizens of the New England colonies as the goals of the New England citizens were different (Document A).
Alfred Edmond Jr. wrote the article, Why Asking for a Job Applicant’s Facebook Password is Fair Game. In the article he assessed and argued that you should provide your potential employer with your Facebook password because nothing is ever really private. Edmond effectively persuades the reader to agree with him by uniting his audience and establishing his credibility, providing scenarios that toy with the reader’s emotions, and by making logical appeals. In addition to making these appeals he successfully incorporates an informal tone that further sways the reader to grasp the essence of his argument. These are the elements that make Edmond’s argument valid and persuasive. He is able to convince us that providing a possible employer with something that is private such as our password will ultimately be beneficial for everyone in the situation.
Bacon's Rebellion was a very important part in American history which took place in the Virginia Colony between 1676 - 1677 against Indians and the colonial government. Led by Nathaniel Bacon, a 29-year-old planter that was very wealth who sided with Virginia’s governor William Berkeley. Bacon's Rebellion was the first rebellion that ever happened in the American colonies. There were many things that caused Bacon’s Rebellion.
For Mill, the freedom that enables each individual to explore his or her own particular way of life is essential for a generous and diverse development of humanity. The only source of potential within society to further continue human development is the spontaneity or creativity that lies within each individual. Mill has a utilitarian view on freedom. He was especially keen on individual liberty because it allowed the greatest measure of happiness. His concern is not to declare liberty as a natural right but to rather set out the appropriate constraints within ‘Civil or Social liberty’. Civil liberty is defined as the limit society can exert its legitimate power over each individual and social liberty has much to do with a political principle
“Where we do well know that all our causes will be impartially heard and equally justice administer to all men,” as said by, Nathaniel bacon. During the early years, when the America was still developing, conflicts formed the United Stated and its relationship with different part of regions. One of earliest rebellion showed different groups of people uniting, to rebel against the government. Bacon’s rebellion was important because it threaten governor Berkley’s government, in Virginia. In 1676, leader of the rebellion was Nathaniel bacon rebelled and held a revolt in colonial Virginia. High, taxes, low prices for tobacco and antipathy against special privileges given to close to the governor, Sir William Berkeley, provided the reasons for the uprising.
Bacon’s Rebellion: An armed rebellion in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia’s governor, William Berkeley, due to his refusal to drive the Native Americans away from Virginia for personal gain. William Berkeley and Native Americans were driven out of their homes and Jamestown was torched. The rebellion helped popularize slavery.
It was conduct by a man named Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy 29-year-old planter. His rebellious actions influence the English colonies. The reduce of tax payment, cheap labor, right to freeman, and equality turn the english colonies into a democratic society. The great awakening was also an event that influence American colonies, but it was a spiritual renewal that swept the American Colonies. Problems between religious and political groups in 1688 was the catalyst to the great awakening. The great awakening cause faith in protestant to to revived, prepared America for its war of
It is impossible for anybody with the right mind to recommend another person from the same demographic to join the field you are trying run was from. According to Walden (2013) to increase our cultural diversity, we not only need to encourage diversity in our nursing student population, but we also need to create an accepting environment for our coworkers. Studies have shown that even when minority nurses enter the workforce, they have a higher than normal rate of leaving nursing in the first few years of practice. Altruistic motivations for career choices aside, it 's easier to recruit workers into a profession that rewards its members for their hard work, education, and performance. An environment of respect, inclusion, and acceptance is a key component in establishing and maintaining a diverse
The profession of Nursing, and the world in general, are both full of diversity. Diversity can be defined in terms of ethnicity, gender, beliefs, culture, or location. In the field of nursing, diversity may not only be seen among coworkers, but also among the patients that the nurses treat. In nursing, specifically, ethnic and gender-based diversity will be evaluated. After in-depth research and analysis, it is apparent that diversity between gender and ethnicity is not present, while diversity between the salaries of nurses is present. Whites and females make up a huge minority of all nurses and simply dominate the field. However, the salaries vary greatly.
My first visit was a simple observation visit. I met with Gary and Dina at the Kingdom Hall for the 1pm Bible Talk service and the Wa...
“The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences.” (cite). Since a school nurse really has to encompass a diverse group of people and cultures, showing diversity is essential. One of the ways that the middle school
In order to understand how Mill and Locke came to the conclusion of how much freedom a person should possess, we must understand what a political thinker perceives as freedom and liberty. In John Locke’s writings, The Second Treaties of Government, he states that “all men exist in a state of perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and person as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave or depend...
Facebook had originally advocated for privacy, claiming that they wanted as much information as possible private, in order for people to share more information (Kirkpatrick, 2009). However, in the past year or so, Facebook has changed its privacy policies, making information more public, and making it impossible to change some of that into more private information. However Mark Zuckerberg has made a U-turn regarding privacy, claiming that people now want to share more information and that society is changing and these new policies are a reflection of that change (Kirkpatrick, 2010). However given that Facebook has so many users, and it has such an impact on our society, they are more than mere bystanders, they are not reflecting a social change but rather imposing it (Kirkpatrick , 2009). This privacy change affects many since their information is now available to anyone who wants it as opposed to just a small circle of trusted friends, this leaves a window open for people like stalkers (Singel, 2009) who can find out all about a person, or to theft, since a lot of a person’s personal information can be accessed, personalized scams would be easier to pull off.