From the Western perspective, it is hard to attain a clear picture of the current state of Russian political and economic institutions. The opaque nature of the government and of Russia’s markets highlights a lack of transparency once hopefully envisioned under movements like Glasnost and Perestroika, regarding liberalization of Russia’s economy and democratization of its society and government. The question is, has Russia really changed that much from the Soviet era, and if so how can we take measure of the change or is it even possible to do so? We regularly notice isolated occurrences, such as oligarchs getting arrested, mergers and acquisitions within certain market segments, reporters disappearing, regional unrest, and Russia giving up its hopes of joining western institutions. We get no clear sense of whether the Russian people have a voice, of whether their welfare is a state priority, or of whether the Russian markets operate with the freedom and openness envisioned after the Soviet collapse. The only hope westerners have for gleaning any sort of reasonable depiction of modern Russia is through inferences made from specific cases. Gazprom is one such case, and it suggests that, despite claims of democratization and liberal economic order, modern Russia still resembles itself from the collapse of the Soviet Union. In late 2008 Russia and Ukraine were again embroiled in their continuous battle over natural resources; specifically, the conflict involved the new rates Russia would charge in 2009 for natural gas. With growing energy security concerns rising in Western Europe, and the Russian gas giant Gazprom gaining significant strength and leverage there, the debate raged and continues to rage over the future role of Gazprom...
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Internet, a strong challenge to the power of the state. The worldwide web has opened up the ability to share massive amounts of information both inter and intra state, thereby meaning the state can ‘no longer control all in-state language and education due to the global mass media’ . The state is no longer solely responsible for providing news, education and information to its residents. The increased reliance and use of global media has lead the international media industry to be dominated by a
continue in power. However, penal populism theory is not this simple and has been developed to contain four extensions that have been seen in contemporary New Zealand that also help to explain penal policies. The first extension to the base penal populism theory is labelled the “disenchantment with the existing democratic system and aims to provide a link between governmental shifts and how that has affected the growth of penal populism. Neo-liberalism is a political system that had come to power in many
Introduction Executives emotional intelligence (EI), insight, and authority aptitudes have a clear connection to their particular execution. New research demonstrates that an executive 's passionate style drives other people 's inclinations and practices Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee, (2015). Only in recent years has there emerged a scientific model of the emotional mind that explains how so much of what we do can be emotionally driven. Individuals can be so reasonable at one moment and so irrational
a journal published in the 1906-1915 period, and the abandonment of "belorusizatiia", which was the policy of national language for each individual republic, in the 1930's (Altshuler 1998). The ethnic-national conflict, which was created roughly over the past 80 years, was not solved with the break-up of the Soviet Union. This was because of Soviet national policy and how it established "independent" states that were solely dependent on the Communist Party Central Committee (Altshuler 1998).
Introduction British Airways used to be Britain’s national airline until it was diversified in the 1990s. British Airways is currently a leading international airline brand and it has had to position itself strategically in an increasingly competitive global business environment. This paper examines the strategic environment and the relevant strategic factors that relates to British Airways. It will focus on features and factors of the aviation industry and how it affects British Airways. From there
Over the years, many names of the candidates in government elections, both national elections and local elections, have sounded familiar. During elections, well-known surnames are never gone. On the other hand, even though these politicians who seem to have “good” platforms during the campaign period and always tell, as redundant as this may sound, “iaahon ko ang Pilipinas sa kahirapan”, there are really no significant changes in our country during the previous years until now. The things the candidates
Introduction: The cessation of the Cold War has changed the nature of global politics. Although the termagant era of containment has concluded the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) continues to ensure an international defense cooperative essential to the national security interests of the United States. NATO also serves as means to preserve stability and propagate democratic values in the transatlantic arena. Article X of the North Atlantic Treaty states the any European nation that advances
undergoing a process of compression of international time and space and an intensification of international relations. The separation of production and consumption that is the heart of modern capitalism appears to have reached its zenith. Globalization is not just another "buzz-word" (globaloney), but very much a real and significant phenomenon. But, what does it mean? What does a globalized world look like? Despite the extensive discussion on globalization and international interdependence, we still have
Plantation Colonial British America. Journal of Urban History, 39(2). Knight, G. (1992). Urban Planning and Management in Jamaica. Habitat Intl, 16(2), 37-52. Subramaniam, E. J. (n.d.). Jamaica embracing privitization and seeking integration. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 651-661.
during that period. According to Donelly et al (1985)” Leadership is an attempt at influencing the activities of followers through the communication process and toward the attainment of some goal or goals”. There are as many definitions of leadership as there are people who have attempted to define the concept (Stogdill, 1974). Over the years, a number of theoretical models have been produced each trying to understand when and how leadership is effective. The trait approach is one of the early content
threatened by deforestation. With over four million squared kilometers it is roughly the size of the United States. The Amazon spreads across nine South American Countries and contains one-fifth of the Worlds fresh water and one-third of the known living species. The land is home to hundreds of indigenous groups and is considered by many to be “the lungs of the planet”. Most of the Amazon is still pristine, but the region is being destroyed at an alarming rate. Over 8 million acres of the rainforest
Spencer and Adrian A. McFarlane (eds.). Chanting Down Babylon: The Rastafari Reader. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1998. Nabby, Navie. “Mr. Bigness Man”, World Sound ‘ave Power: Dub Poets And Dub. Heartbeat Records, 1994. Nicholas, Tracy. Rastafari. Chicago, IL: Frontline Distribution International, 1996. Persaud, Randolph B. Counter-Hegemony and Foreign Policy: The Dialectics and Global Forces in Jamaica. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001. Turner, Terisa
The increasing international interest in culture transformation is based on the notion that if the desired improvements in quality and safety are to be achieved alongside structural and procedural changes, then major cultural transformation is also needed. The interest in managing organisational cultures, particularly in healthcare, is not new and many reforms in the NHS have embraced culture change as a key element for improving clinical quality, safety and
1.2 History Explored and claimed by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became the base for the expansion of the Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognised French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years. It finally attained independence
factors, including role overload, disruptive students, over-demanding parents, lack of support from the school management, poor relationships with colleagues and high-stakes student testing (Kyriacou, 2001; Manthei, Gilmore, Tuck, & Adnair, 1996; Montgomery & Rupp, 2005). It is no secret that teachers with high motivation can help realize the objectives of education, but reforms in the education industry tend to reduce teachers’ autonomy over their work. Educational policies such as establishment