TASK 1
P3.1
In this different component of internal combustion engine( as internally combusted gas mixture produce power to run a engine ) are discussed.
Major components in internal combustion engines .
Piston
Piston cylinder crank shaft cam shaft connecting rods input valve output valve spark plug ( petrol/ gasoline engines ) and fuel injector ( diesel engine )
Rocker arm oil filter
PISTON - It is the disc which reciprocate within the cylinder. Its main function is to receive the impulse from the combust gas or expanding gas and to transfer the energy of combust gas to crank shaft through connecting rod which connects the piston and the crankshaft. It also helps to disperse exhaust gas out from cylinder. In two stroke
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Vertically upward force by the crankshaft.
Design constraints for piston ( with great load ) - It should be strengthen to withstand high inertia forces and gas pressures.
Mass should be lesser to to avoid intertia forces .
It should have sufficient bearing area to prevent undue wear.
The dispersion of exhaust gases again cylinder walls should be quick enough.
It should limit the noise of reciprocating even at high speed .
It should be rigidly constructed to withstand thermal and mechanical distortion.
It should provide enough strength to piston pin so that it will not allow the passage of gases and exhaust to mix.
CYLINDER BLOCK
The function of the cylinder is to retain the working fluid or gas mixture and to guide the piston for compression and pull back. generally it is made up of cast iron and cast steel. As the cylinder will be heated so some arrangements are there as air cooling and water cooling. in smaller engines or one cylinder air cooling is done . But for 4 and more cylinders water jackets will be installed around the cylinder for cooling. the cylinder are provided with liners as in the case of wear it will be easily
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There should be gap between inner and outer cylinder.
The length of the cylinder should be 15% of that of the length of the cylinder.
The metal should have high melting point.
Disperse the heat quickly.
Minimum mass ( inertia forces )
Rigid construction ( distortion )
CONNECTING RODS
It acts as the intermediate between piston and crankshaft . Its main function is to transmit the energy. It will transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to crank pin. And reciprocating motion to rotary motion of the crank. it consists of a shank with a small end and the big end. The cross section of the shank may be of rectangular,circular,I-section, 0r H-section.For aircraft piston I- section is taken.
Forces acting on connecting rods ( when great load )
Force due to gas pressures and inertia of reciprocating parts.
Force of inertia of connecting rod ( inertia bending force ).
Force due to friction of the piston ring and of piston.
Force due to friction of piston pin bearing and crank pin bearing. cyclic loading it will have
Design constraints for connecting rod ( when great load
There are three parts exterior parts to these injectors. The injector nut holds the nozzle and spacer with the nozzle springs. The injector body holds the plunger and barrel, it is also where the solenoid is bolted down on top of the body. The solenoid is plugged in to the pigtail on the valve cover gasket, which sends electrical current to the injector telling it when to fire. There is a total of five o-rings on the exterior side of the ...
measures the temperature of the water if you were to use it. The top of the small chamber is covered by
A connecting rod is a machine member which is subjected to alternating direct compressive and tensile forces. Since the compressive forces are much higher than the tensile force, therefore the cross-section of the connecting rod is designed as a strut and the Rankine formula is used.
...uel used in the Cadillac never produces a drag, which can possibly waste fuel. This results in reduction of the cost needed for Cadillac maintenance. The hydrodynamic retarders are also appropriate for the Cadillac given that the latter is the preference of many people.
It provides effective and low cost lubrication of stern tube bearings. It is highly recommended in Cedevall type of stern tube bearings where high viscocity and readily emulsifying oil is of high importance. It is also used in fin tilting bearings as well as the crux trunnion bearings.
Most motor vehicles today use an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to give them power to drive down the road; ICEs are a form of a heat engine. Gasoline is burned to push a piston, which in return forces the car down the road. As the gas in the cylinder is ignited and expanded it forces the piston down the shaft. The force is carried through piston, which is connected to a crankshaft. The force moves through the transmission, down the driveshaft, and out the tires. The Otto Cycle is used to turn as much heat into the driving force as possible.
Right: Receives de-oxygenated blood from the vena cavas and pumps it through the valve to the right ventricle
New vehicles can use this data to improve emission control and improve the vehicle’s efficiency. The Engine Control Unit (ECU) of the vehicle can adjust the concentration of fuel injected in to the engine to improve the type of burn. The ECU can be used to mai...
3.Combustion: As the piston reaches the top of its stroke or TDC, the spark plug fires, igniting the mixture. Due to the high compression of this mixture it is very volatile and it explodes when the spark is introduced. This pushes the piston downward and produces power.
The diametric clearance (c) in a bearing should be small enough to produce the necessary velocity gradient, so that the pressure built up in the lubricant can support the load. Small clearance also helps in reducing the flow rate due to side leakage in bearings. However, the allowance must be made for manufacturing tolerances in the journal and bushing.
A tool for opening paint cans. Sometimes used to convert common slotted screws into non-removable screws.
is connected to a shaft, which spins a disc. The disc has holes in it
The invention of internal combustion engines in the early 19th century has led to the discovery of utilisation of cheap energy that is petroleum and this enabled the world to develop and progress into the modern world today. Humans were able to accomplish more work done with little manual labour, using internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Internal combustion engine are mechanical power devices that convert heat energy to mechanical energy with the combustion process taking place in a system boundary (Rolle, 2005). Among the internal combustion engine invented in the 19th century were the Otto engine, Diesel engine and gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engine is one of the popular engines used today due to its high torque per weight ratio relative to other types of internal combustion engines. As explained by Cengel and Boles (2011), the gas turbine engine works on a 6 stages process, namely air intake, compression, fuel injection, combustion, expansion and exhaust (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
Diesel engines are a marvel of the world and have been since creation in 1892. Today there are several types of these engines including, two-stroke and four-stroke engines as well as the idea of how diesel engines operate. The diesel engine is a necessary component of the shipping industry as well as the daily lives of people.
We are using conveyer belt to carry the material further. When the solenoid valve or motor will be stopped, the conveyer belt will be started. Conveyer belt will carry forward the material to seal it.