Intellectual Disability-Russian Culture
Intellectual disability is defined by the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) as “a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18” (2013). To understand this definition, one will need to understand what exactly intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior are. Intellectual functioning is also known as intelligence, and includes general mental capacity, like problem solving, learning, reasoning, etc. Intellectual functioning can be determined using an IQ test, in which scores of 75 or below
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A person with an ID will most often encounter complications when trying to communicate; this is where an AAC device comes in. Those with ID have an idiosyncratic way of communicating that can sometimes be difficult for others to comprehend, making communicating limited to certain partners, but with the appropriate supports, an individual with ID can live and communicate within their environment as normally and as successfully as their peers without a disorder (Beukelman & Mirenda, …show more content…
(2002). The epidemiology of mental retardation: challenges and opportunities in the new millennium. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review 8:117-1134. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/144/
Lukas, Rimas, MD. "Department of Pediatrics." Intellectual Disability. EBSCO Publishing. (2014). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from http://pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/intellectual-disability#treatment
Murphy CC, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Decoufle P, Drews CD. (1995). The administrative prevalence of mental retardation in 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1985 through 1987. American Journal of Public Health 85:319-323. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/144/
Sigafoos, J., Schlosser, R., & Sutherland, D. (2008). Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/50/
World Health Organization. (2001). The world heath report 2001-mental illness: New understanding, new hope. Geneva: Author. Retrieved November 23, 2014, from
Chapter thirteen has two subject matter that it discusses in some detail, mental illness and developmental disabilities. This review will be exploring the history, philosophy and theories of developmental disabilities. Social workers come in contact with many clients that have developmental disabilities, and the chapter gives a glimpse the history, problems, and theories related to developmental problems. Chapter thirteen explores the issues of dealing with developmental disabilities in the past and what is being done today to help social workers face the issues.
Patricia Bauer was a former Washington post reporter and one of the founders of the UCLA, a school for young adults with intellectual disabilities, although she gains most of her knowledge on the topic from raising a daughter with Down Syndrome. This article was originally published in The Washington Post, one of the most circulates newspapers in America. When this article came out in August of 2008, two major things were happening concerning mental disabled people. The first was a movie that came out
Providing appropriate public education to qualified students has been federally mandated since 1975, but is still a challenging and often controversial matter in which the public has voiced concern. One reason for which the public’s concern has been provoked is that it is reported in low-incidence categories such as deafness or blindness, which is usually diagnosed by medical professionals, there is no indications of disproportion (Donovan and Cross, 1). Instances in which there are higher proportions of minority students occurs more so in the high-incidence categories of mental retardation (MMR), emotional disturbance (ED), and...
U.S. Public Health Service.(1999). The Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health. Retrieved June,5,2000, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/home.html
Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, by Dillenburger, K., and Keenan M., published in 2009, summarized Nov 19, 2009
The disabilities that were introduced above are somewhat similar but yet very different inabilities that are definitely worth defining. The various studies focused on individuals with both learning and mental disabilities. A learning disability is typically a condition giv...
Some characteristics of DS are: deep folds at the corners of the eyes, hypotonia, short stature, flexible joints, small oral cavity and heart defects (Taylor, Richards, & Brady, 2005). Most individuals with DS have a moderate intellectual disability, although there is a range of disability, from severe to high functioning (IQ above 70). Since DS is a birth defect and not a disease, there are no treatment options. Improvement can be made through physicians, special education, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and psychol...
In 1972, Geraldo Rivera with the help of Dr. Michael Wilkin of Staten Island's Willowbrook State School gained access to the institution and filmed the deplorable conditions the residents were living in. Now 25 years later the documentary reflects on four survivors of Staten Island's Willowbrook State School and their families. The family members give testimonials on how it felt to discover that their child had a disability, leave their loved ones in an institution, and the quality of care and services provided. The film also focuses on the progress made by the members that now live in group homes and the quality of their lives.
...n between the ages 1-5 showed some initial gains in cognitive and language functioning, which includes but not limited to communication, self-care, imitation, and play skills, and were placed in regular classroom settings. Although many strives have been made, some results suggest significant racial and ethnic disparities in the identification of children with ASD. There have been studies comparing behavioral approaches to general electric approached have found them to be lacking, but some of the programs were community based. When it comes to making treatment plans, some think that specific behavioral profiles may be useful in identifying which children are likely to respond to a particular treatment. While positive results have been made towards treatment, there are no ASD treatments that currently meet criteria for well-established empirical supported treatment.
Mental retardation was renamed Intellectual Disability in the DSM-5. This was to guide away from relying on IQ test scores for the diagnosis of mental retardation and to try and rely more on day to day tasks that one should be doing for their age and cultural lifestyle. There are four levels of mental retardation, mild, moderate, severe, and profound. (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011). The least severe of them is the mild mental retardation. Children...
National Institute of Health. (2011). National Institute on Deafness and other communication disorders: Improving the lives of people who have communication disorders. National Institute on
specific learning disabilities in the United States of America. The Journal of International Association of Special Education, 10(1), 21-26.
This project will discuss the need for quality healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities. People with intellectual disabilities are not experiencing the quality health care that that are worthy of from health care professionals when they are hospitalized (reference). Those living with intellectual disabilities are a significant part of the American population. Individuals with intellectual disabilities often times struggle with complications such as, asthma, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin allergies, migraines, headaches, and consequently seek help from healthcare professionals on a regular basis and often experience discrepancies in the care they receive (reference). The reason for the lack of quality health care for those who
Schooling for the disabled requires a special environment—one that only a few teachers have the gift to care for. Instead of looking out for the child’s needs, the government is focused on passing test grades and social skills. Mentally retarded children require a highly trained special education teacher, patience for behavioral issues, and are also required to pass standardized tests; public education for these students move at a faster pace than they can comprehend and lack the personal focus that they would otherwise get in a special needs classroom.
This article can be important for understanding more possible side effects that accompany an intellectual disability. It would be useful for people to be knowledgeable on the differences that people with mental disabilities have to deal with. In the article they discuss a study that was done when they use the two cognitive functions vocabulary and arithmetical reasoning to measure the children’s mental abilities. They attempt to match the children who have an intellectual disability to their mental and chronological age based on how well they do. With the information they gather they can find out what kind of role the disability plays on the children’s working memory. In the article they state “The children with ID did not show the same kind of pattern as their same age mainstream peers, and this implies that they were using different working memory resources to carry out the same cognitive tasks. (Henry, MacLean, 2003, p.19)” This is just another example of how people no matter their age struggle having an intellectual disability and will have to live their lives in a much different way than most seemingly normal people. The article discusses how children with mental disabilities cannot use their stored memory as other children can when trying to solve a problems, instead they will have to start the problem