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Recommended: Effects of impact of agriculture on environment
Integrating Sustainable Agriculture, Ecology, and Environmental Policy
Whose business is it to create a sustainable agriculture? How will knowledge systems required to support such an agriculture be developed and implemented? These pragmatic questions are addressed by the 14 contributors to this book. If in fact the agricultural community is beyond the stage of understanding and internalizing the need for the concept of an agriculture that can be sustained, then this book offers concrete suggestions for the types of research objectives and social and political decisions that must be followed in order to make sustainable systems a reality.
The book contains the proceedings of a July 1991 conference, sponsored by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), that drew participants from academia and U S. government agencies. The proceedings have also been available since 1992 as volume 2, no. 3, of the Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (JSA). The publisher of this book, Haworth Press, also publishes the JSA, and the decision to make these proceedings available in both formats is understandable, since this book will be of value to an important audience that is larger than the readership of the journal. As the name of both the conference and the book reflects, the contributors represent various disciplinary perspectives and professional experiences, being primarily ecologists (7) and environmental policy makers (5), with the addition of a sociologist and an educator. The chapters cover a range of topics that can be grouped into structural issues (federal policies, EPA program priorities, information and education systems) and research issues (participatory research methods, identification and monitoring of indicators of sustainability, and theories and methods for the design of sustainable agricultural systems at the watershed, landscape and soil levels).
The authors are authoritative and succinct in exposing, analyzing and integrating the practical issues involved in fulfilling the objectives set forth over the past 15 years by various writers who can only be called "philosophers of agriculture." The thoughts of such individuals as Wendell Berry, Wes Jackson and Robert Rodale can be seen as passionate philosophizing by outsiders aiming to raise the level of consciousness of the scientific agricultural community about the unintended effects of their research paradigms and technologies. Such writing, while constituting a necessary initial component of the developing literature on sustainable agriculture, can be frustrating for those scientists accepting the need to address the environmental and sociological impact of agriculture, but less certain about how to do so.
Throughout, an importance is placed on the fact that ‘it's a sin to kill a mockingbird’ as they only ‘sing their hearts out for us’ and ‘don't eat up people's gardens’. This is a comment on the fact that Maycomb society victimises Tom Robinson, despite the fact that he is harmless and only does good, just like the mockingbird. This symbolic meaning resulted in the title ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ rather than the initial name ‘Atticus’ as the publishers felt the book was not solely based on Atticus as a person. On the contrary, they felt the values of Maycomb society such as social division and status, racial prejudice, double standards, integrity and courage were the focuses of the book.
To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, may appear to be a simple story about childhood and life in a Southern town, but upon close examination it is a complex novel dealing with themes of education, moral courage, and tolerance. Through the eyes of Scout Finch, the young protagonist, novelist Harper Lee educates the reader about the importance of a moral education, as opposed to a formal education, the difference between traditional bravery and moral courage, and prejudice vs. tolerance.
In conclusion, Lee uses various techniques to develop the theme of racial prejudice in the novel “To Kill A Mockingbird” such as the personalities of characters, the racist comments made by the characters, and symbolism. Lee effectively highlights racism to the reader and successfully encourages the reader to sympathise with the victims of discrimination.
The author behind the renowned novel To Kill A Mockingbird is a woman by the name of Harper Lee. This ingenious woman made magic with only her inventive mind, innovative imagination, passion for kindness and equality, and her own past experiences. She was born and raised in a time of prejudice and racism, but she always found a way to keep her benevolence intact. She never let herself get corrupted or influenced by frivolous and uneducated people. Harper Lee’s influences as a child and views of society as an adult inspired her to fight against the world’s prejudice outlook on life by writing To Kill A Mockingbird, a novel that argues against society’s biased views and racist attitudes.
Since humans started farming thousands of years ago crop and livestock production systems have been integrated. Integration of crop and livestock systems enhanced profitability and environmental sustainability of farms and communities. (Russelle, Michael P., Martin H. Entz, and Alan J. Franzluebbers) Crop and livestock systems have always went hand and hand, that is, until the 19th century when farming became specialized resulting in separation of crop and livestock enterprises. Unfortunately crop and livestock enterprise integration is not nearly as common as it once was in this region. But today there are still many farmers who choose integrate crop and livestock enterprises. There are also local specialized crop and livestock farmers who work together and integrate their farms in order to receive some of the benefits of crop and livestock integration.
ADHD is a neurobiological condition defined by the presence of severe and pervasive symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity (Daley & Birchwood, 2010). ADHD can interfere with many aspects of a child’s life. One of the biggest concerns of professionals and parents is schooling children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. The article, “ADHD and academic performance: why does ADHD impact on academic performance and what can be done to support ADHD children in the classroom,” (2010) breaks down the disorder and classifies the differences in cognition and actions between children with ADHD of different age groups. Although ADHD is generally perceived as affecting children of elementary school age, the disorder is also prevalent in pre-school children, high schoolers, and sometimes adults (Daley & Birchwood, 2010). Although the numbers are low, Daley and Birchwood’s (2010) research says that ADHD is identified in two
To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee highlights the concept of victors and victims within a prejudiced community, displayed by the author through various aspects. These include characterization, setting, and literary devices. They aid in presenting the prejudice that takes place within the fictional town of Maycomb, revealing it to be based on social status. These elements assist the reader to construct a detailed picture of the town of Maycomb, and the atrocious deeds committed within.
Developing sustainable agricultural practices By increasing the number of trees in agricultural areas, farmers live in harmony with their environment.
Carswell, G., 1997. Agricultural Intensification and Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Think Piece. IDS Working Paper 64, Brighton: IDS.
That’s why sustainable agriculture intensification practices are necessary to meet current and future societal needs, employment opportunities, export earnings, economy development and food security. Agriculture Intensification is defined as, “increase in agriculture production per unit of inputs (which maybe labour, land, time, fertilizer, seed, feed or cash) (FAO 2004) and “Yields are increases without adverse environmental impact and without the cultivation of more land (The Royal Society 2009)”. Therefore, it aims to increase agriculture output from the same available land area, while reducing the negative environmental impacts of agricultural technology. For the sustainability, there is dire need to shift the agriculture production system to sustainable agriculture intensification. Literature shows that intensification of agriculture has significant effect on farmers’ livelihoods and environment. In this way intensive production will increase crop yield, better management practices of cultivated land, increase in farm incomes and economy
Sustainable development at its core contains three main elements: Environmental Protection, Social Equity and Economic Growth a concept often referred to as the triple bottom line: Business that looks to its impacts in terms of finance the environment and people. In agricultural sustainability we are in fact considering the effects of the agricultural sector on these three factors, sustainable agriculture has to be able to preserve the environment, control and protect the energy, water and soil while enhancing the well-being of the farmers in a safe climate relieved from any surroundings that might threaten the health of the workers while ensuring high quality products. While the two terms ‘sustainability’ and CSR had been used interchangeably some authors like to distinguish their meaning stating that sustainability only comes to light to justify the existence of CSR and as a concept represents the ways of doing business and the responsibilities undertaken by the companies regarding their impact on the environment and society as a whole. The industry faces with many challenges few mentioned as main issues are: environmental protection related mostly to resource scarcity, working conditions and health standards.
The twentieth century brought significant changes to our planet. Humanity increasingly relies on fossil fuels and chemicals to grow what nourishes us: our food. At the same time, the world has become an urbanized place. More than half of the world’s people now live in urban areas (UNFPA, 2007). We have become disconnected from nature and natural processes. However, there is a new awareness of how to live in balance with the earth cropping up across the globe. Sustainability has become a way of life. There are now many organizations dedicated to promoting sustainable practises. World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF) is one of these organizations.
They indeed promote biodiversity, avoiding the use of any chemicals, while producing year-round yields. Agroecology recognizes the successfulness, proven over centuries, of community-based local agriculture, and thus serves as a bridge between modern scientific agricultural knowledge and local ones. The local management of resources and knowledge systems is elaborated upon social institutions. It is then of primal importance to identify and assess this local knowledge framework through agroecological and ethno ecological methodologies. This will help determine the factors upon which the famers perceive and modify their environment to finally translate into practical management schemes promoting the dynamic conservation of local agroecosystems. The combination of western science and ethno science provides then the principles to design and manage sustainable farming systems. Participation of farmers in testing, evaluating and disseminating the best agroecological practices is needed to ensure that the specific technologies put into places are really relevant to their needs and situation (Altieri,
Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals--environmental health, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. A variety of philosophies, policies and practices have contributed to these goals. People in many different capacities, from farmers to consumers, have shared this vision and contributed to it.
Agriculture is one of the most ancient forms of art and science that ties human development and well-being to natural resources and ecosystems. (Fritz J. Häni, 2007) Sustainable Agriculture is the production of food, fibre, plant and animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities and animal welfare. (Sustainable Agriculture - The Basics, 2015) Sustainable agriculture is an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site – specific application that over the long term will: